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• Is it only possible to display 64k vertices on the monitor with 16bit?

  - by Aufziehvogel

  I did the first 3D tutorial over at riemers.net and stumbled upon that my graphic card only supports Shader 2.0 (Reach profile in XNA) which means I can only use Int16 to store the indices (triangle to vertex). This means that I can only store 2^16 = 65536 vertices. Also I read on the internet that you should prefer 16-bit over 32-bit because not all hardware (like mine) does support 32-bit. Yet, I am wondering: Do really all game scenes get along with only so little vertices? I though already faces of people used a lot of polygons (which are made up of vertices?). It’s not relevant for me yet, but I am interested: Do game scenes use only 65536 vertices? Do you use some trade-off to display more (e.g. 64k in GPU buffer rest on RAM) Is there some method to get more into the GPU buffer? I already read on some other posts that there seems to be a limit of 64k per mesh too, so maybe you can compact stuff to meshes?

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• Game getting progressively laggier?

  - by Valentin Krummenacher

  I have a small game in HTML5 that uses socket.io to communicate with a node.js server. Now my problem is that, eversince I did my last update on it it seems to have something "chunk up" in the background making it laggier and laggier the longer it runs. In the update were a few temporary local variables being defined with var(you know, variables that are only used during one function and then not needed anymore) alongside with alot of other changes, and I am not even sure if this update or something else is causing this. Might the "var" have caused it? Or what other reasons might this strange complication have?

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• Space Invaders-type game: Keeping the enemies aligned with each other as they turn around?

  - by CorundumGames

  OK, so here's the lowdown of the problem I'm trying to solve. I'm developing a game in PyGame that's a cross between Space Invaders and Columns. I'm trying to make the motion of the enemies similar to that of the aliens in Space Invaders; that is, they're all clustered in a grid, and if even one hits the side of the screen, the entire formation moves down and turns around. However, the motion of these aliens is continuous (as continuous as a monitor can be, anyway), not on a discrete grid like in the original. The enemies are instances of an Enemy class, and in turn they're held by a 2D array in a enemysquadron module (which, if you don't use Python, is in this case essentially a singleton due to the way Python modules work). Inside the Enemy class I have a class-scope velocity vector that is reversed every time an Enemy object touches the edge of the screen. This won't do, though, because as time goes on the enemies just become disorganized and jumbled (i.e. not in a grid as planned). I haven't implemented the Enemies going downward yet, so let's not worry about that right now. Any tips?

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• Bukkit send a custom placed name plate?

  - by HcgRandon

  Hello i have been working on a part of my plugin that has waypoints allowing the user to create delete etc. I got to thinking after using and seeing a couple of the disguse plugins. That maybe i could create a command toggle that would show the user where the waypoints they have are! I know how to do all of this i just have no idea how to display a nameplate to the client. I know its possible because disguisecraft does it i tried looking though their code but couldent find much... I belive to get this effect i need to send packets to the client if someone can direct me to a list of bukkit packets or even a solution to sending the client a custom located nameplate that would be fantastic! Thanks in advanced.

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• Can i place a image as a map and then code a grid over the top of it?

  - by kraze

  what i'm trying to do is make a huge map, best way i found is just make a big map and save it as a image... can i code a grid over the top so i can implement tile based movement for my character? afterwards place collision tiles so they can't move to certain spots. btw this is in visual studio 2010 using XNA Anyone able to explain the process of how i would do this and if its even viable? thanks for your help

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• SDL_DisplayFormat works, but not SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha

  - by Bounderby

  The following code is intended to display a green square on a black background. It executes, but the green square does not show up. However, if I change SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha to SDL_DisplayFormat the square is rendered correctly. So what don't I understand? It seems to me that I am creating *surface with an alpha mask and I am using SDL_MapRGBA to map my green color, so it would be consistent to use SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha as well. (I removed error-checking for clarity, but none of the SDL API calls fail in this example.) #include <SDL.h> int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING ); SDL_Surface *screen = SDL_SetVideoMode( 640, 480, 32, SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_DOUBLEBUF ); SDL_Surface *temp = SDL_CreateRGBSurface( SDL_HWSURFACE, 100, 100, 32, 0, 0, 0, ( SDL_BYTEORDER == SDL_BIG_ENDIAN ? 0x000000ff : 0xff000000 ) ); SDL_Surface *surface = SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha( temp ); SDL_FreeSurface( temp ); SDL_FillRect( surface, &surface->clip_rect, SDL_MapRGBA( screen->format, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0xff ) ); SDL_Rect r; r.x = 50; r.y = 50; SDL_BlitSurface( surface, NULL, screen, &r ); SDL_Flip( screen ); SDL_Delay( 1000 ); SDL_Quit(); return 0; }

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• How to load data for specific level at runtime?

  - by Siddharth

  I'm trying to create a game with many levels loaded from XML files. In my game I have many objects in each level. At present my game contains 20 levels, and I load all the textures at once on startup. But I think the correct way to do it is to only load textures used in the current level. I don't know how to do that. So please explain this by providing some example code. At present I create a class for each type of entity by extending my Sprite class. This subclass loads the appropriate image. I know this is not the best way to do things. Basically I want to know how to load large levels efficiently in Andengine. What is the proper method for loading textures, level data and background images from files when the level is run?

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• XNA - 3D AABB collision detection and response

  - by fastinvsqrt

  I've been fiddling around with 3D AABB collision in my voxel engine for the last couple of days, and every method I've come up with thus far has been almost correct, but each one never quite worked exactly the way I hoped it would. Currently what I do is get two bounding boxes for my entity, one modified by the X translation component and the other by the Z component, and check if each collides with any of the surrounding chunks (chunks have their own octrees that are populated only with blocks that support collision). If there is a collision, then I cast out rays into that chunk to get the shortest collision distance, and set the translation component to that distance if the component is greater than the distance. The problem is that sometimes collisions aren't even registered. Here's a video on YouTube that I created showing what I mean. I suspect the problem may be with the rays that I cast to get the collision distance not being where I think they are, but I'm not entirely sure what would be wrong with them if they are indeed the problem. Here is my code for collision detection and response in the X direction (the Z direction is basically the same): // create the XZ offset vector Vector3 offsXZ = new Vector3( ( _translation.X > 0.0f ) ? SizeX / 2.0f : ( _translation.X < 0.0f ) ? -SizeX / 2.0f : 0.0f, 0.0f, ( _translation.Z > 0.0f ) ? SizeZ / 2.0f : ( _translation.Z < 0.0f ) ? -SizeZ / 2.0f : 0.0f ); // X physics BoundingBox boxx = GetBounds( _translation.X, 0.0f, 0.0f ); if ( _translation.X > 0.0f ) { foreach ( Chunk chunk in surrounding ) { if ( chunk.Collides( boxx ) ) { float dist = GetShortestCollisionDistance( chunk, Vector3.Right, offsXZ ) - 0.0001f; if ( dist < _translation.X ) { _translation.X = dist; } } } } else if ( _translation.X < 0.0f ) { foreach ( Chunk chunk in surrounding ) { if ( chunk.Collides( boxx ) ) { float dist = GetShortestCollisionDistance( chunk, Vector3.Left, offsXZ ) - 0.0001f; if ( dist < -_translation.X ) { _translation.X = -dist; } } } } And here is my implementation for GetShortestCollisionDistance: private float GetShortestCollisionDistance( Chunk chunk, Vector3 rayDir, Vector3 offs ) { int startY = (int)( -SizeY / 2.0f ); int endY = (int)( SizeY / 2.0f ); int incY = (int)Cube.Size; float dist = Chunk.Size; for ( int y = startY; y <= endY; y += incY ) { // Position is the center of the entity's bounding box Ray ray = new Ray( new Vector3( Position.X + offs.X, Position.Y + offs.Y + y, Position.Z + offs.Z ), rayDir ); // Chunk.GetIntersections(Ray) returns Dictionary<Block, float?> foreach ( var pair in chunk.GetIntersections( ray ) ) { if ( pair.Value.HasValue && pair.Value.Value < dist ) { dist = pair.Value.Value; } } } return dist; } I realize some of this code can be consolidated to help with speed, but my main concern right now is to get this bit of physics programming to actually work.

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• Alternatives to voxel-based terrain

  - by Neomex

  Are there any alternatives to voxel based terrains? Such terrain should be fully destructable, allow for arches, overhangs, preserve sharp features where needed and keep consistent topology. Maybe you can explain the problem that makes you ask this question? Voxel based terrain is basically just using a 3D grid of data to store data. There are lots of ways to render that data, but it doesn't get much simpler for storing it. – Byte56 Current isosurface extraction methods aren't most effective/bug-free. Cubical Marching Squares seem to solve most of the issues, however it is a relatively new method and there aren't too many resources about it. (I've found single university paper) Even if we stick to CMS, when we want to add multi-material support, we can either divide surface into multiple meshes, or pass a texture array or texture atlas to shaders, then we are limited to set amount of textures and additionally increase memory-usage alot.

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• In a multiplayer game, should I store the list of character names on the Player class?

  - by Gökhan Nas

  I am writing a multiplayer game that has account system and character creation system like standart MMORPGs. I have a question about name creating issue. I think that I can create a static variable on Player class that keeps created player names but it confused me. It will tell me name is valid or unvalid depends on the other players has this name. Questions; Does implementation does make sense ? If i have 1000 players, is it means it consumes 1000 times of memory of this list? Or it just consume as like there is one? What is your suggestion for place that I can keep player name list? A new class?

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• MMO Web game mouse vs wasd

  - by LazyProgrammer

  If considering to develop a web browser based game with multiple people and it's an RPG, click to move would probably be the only choice in movement right? Because if you were to use WASD and then ajax to the server every second that a player held on to the WASD key, that'd be pretty resource intensive if the server had to calculate the position and return the map image, assuming the next few screens are already buffered right? or is there a way to implement a WASD style and still have server side do all the calculations. (server side calculations to avoid cheating)

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• How do I implement powerups for my Breakout clone?

  - by Eva

  I'm making a simple Breakout clone in Python that will have very many powerups/powerdowns (so far I came up with 26). Some will affect the paddle (paddle missile, two paddles, short paddle, etc.), some will affect the ball (slow ball, destructo-ball, invisible ball, etc.), some will affect the bricks (brick scramble, move up, bricks indestructible, etc.), and some will affect other game aspects (extra life, more points, less points, etc.). I'm pretty sure I have the code to draw the falling powerups and test for collisions with the paddle down, but I'm confused about how to code the effects of the powerups. Since there are very many powerups, it seemed inefficient to add specific methods to each component as done in this tutorial. However, I can't think of an other ways to implement the powerups. I found a page that hints at some way to design powerup behavior using classes, but I'm at a loss for how to do that. (A short example would help.) Please give me a short code example of another way to implement the effects of the powerups.

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• 3D open source physics engine suitable for mobile platforms (Android and iOS)

  - by lukeluke

  I have made some research and found that bullet, ode, newton and some others are open source physics engines that should be portable enough (but I have never tried to comile/use anyone of them on phones). I am writing my games for mobile platforms in C++, so the engine should be C or C++. I need a fast engine, since mobile platforms have limited resources. I need a free engine. A good design would be nice to have too. What engine is best suited for my task? What I really would like to hear from you is your direct experience. Documentation and support (for example, forum or an IRC channel) is a really important aspect to take into consideration.

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• How can I read from multiple textures in an OpenGL ES 2 shader?

  - by Peyman Tahghighi

  How can I enable more than one texture in OpenGL ES 2 so that I can sample from all of them in my shader? For example, I'm trying to read from two different textures in my shader for the player's car. This is how I'm currently dealing with the texture for my car: glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, this->texture2DObj); glUniform1i(1, 0); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, this->vertexBuffer); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); int offset = 0; glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, this->vertexBufferSize,(const void *)offset); offset += 3 * sizeof(GLfloat); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, this->vertexBufferSize, (const void*)offset); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, this->indexBuffer); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, this->indexBufferSize, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);

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• Quaternions, Axis Angles and Rotation Matrices. Which of these should I use for FP Camera?

  - by Afonso Lage

  After 2 weeks of reading many math formulas and such I know what is a Quaternion, an Axis Angles and Matrices. I have made my own math libary (Java) to use on my game (LWJGL). But I'm really confused about all this. I want to have a 3D first person camera. The move (translation) is working fine but the rotation isnt working like I need. I need a camera to rotate arround world Axis and not about its own axis. But even using Quaternions, this doesnt work and no matter how much I read about Euler Angles, everybody says to me dont touch on it! This is a little piece of code that i'm using to make the rotation: Quaternion qPitch = Quaternion.createFromAxis(cameraRotate.x, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); Quaternion qYaw = Quaternion.createFromAxis(cameraRotate.y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); this.multiplicate(qPitch.toMatrix4f().toArray()); this.multiplicate(qYaw.toMatrix4f().toArray()); Where this is a Matrix4f view matrix and cameraRotate is a Vector3f that just handle the angles to rotate obtained from mouse move. So I think I'm doing everything right: Translate the view Matrix Rotate the Move Matrix So, after reading all this, I just want to know: To obtain a correct first person camera rotate, I must need to use Quaternios to make the rotations, but how to rotate around world axis? Thanks for reading it. Best regards, Afonso Lage

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• XNA Framework HiDef profile requires TextureFilter to be Point when using texture format Vector4

  - by danbystrom

  Beginner question. Synopsis: my water effects does something that causes the drawing of my sky sphere to throw an exeption when run in full screen. The exception is: XNA Framework HiDef profile requires TextureFilter to be Point when using texture format Vector4. This happens both when I start in full screen directly or switch to full screen from windowed. It does NOT happen, however, if I comment out the drawing of my water. So, what in my water effect can possibly cause the drawing of my sky sphere to choke???

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• Common way to store model transformations

  - by redreggae

  I ask myself what's the best way to store the transformations in a model class. What I came up with is to store the translation and scaling in a Vector3 and the rotation in a Matrix4. On each update (frame) I multiply the 3 matrices (first build a Translation and Scaling Matrix) to get the world matrix. In this way I have no accumulated error. world = translation * scaling * rotation Another way would be to store the rotation in a quaternion but then I would have a high cost to convert to a matrix every time step. If I lerp the model I convert the rotation matrix to quaternion and then back to matrix. For speed optimization I have a dirty flag for each transformation so that I only do a matrix multiplication if necessary. world = translation if (isScaled) { world *= scaling } if (isRotated) { world *= rotation } Is this a common way or is it more common to have only one Matrix4 for all transformations? And is it better to store the rotation only as quaternion? For info: Currently I'm building a CSS3D engine in Javascript but these questions are relevant for every 3D engine.

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• box2d and constant movement

  - by Arnas

  i'm developing a game with a top down view, the players body is a circle. To move the character you need to tap on the screen and it moves to the spot. To achieve this i'm saving the coordinate of the touch and call a method every frame which applies linear velocity to the body with a vector of the direction the body should go _body->SetLinearVelocity(b2Vec2((a.x - currPos.x)/SPEED_RATIO,(size.height - a.y - currPos.y)/SPEED_RATIO)); //click position - current position, screen height - click position (since the y axis is flipped, (0,0) is in the bottom left ) - current position = vector of the direction we want to go now the problem with this is that the body slows down until it finally stops when getting closer to the point we want it to go, since the closer we are to that point the lenght of the vector gets smaller. Besides that i've read that it's bad practice to set linear velocity in box2d and i should use apply force instead, but that way the forces would add up and overshoot the target where it's supposed to stop. So what i'm asking is how to move a box2d body to a coordinate in constant speed.

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• How to rotate a group of objects around a common center?

  - by user1662292

  I've made a model in 3D Studio Max 9. It consists of a variety of cubes, clyinders etc. In XNA I've imported the model okay and it shows correctly. However, when I apply rotation, each component in the model rotates around it's own centre. I want the model to rotate as a single unit. I've linked the components in 3D Max and they rotate as I want in Max. protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); model = Content.Load<Model>("Models/Alien1"); } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { camera.Update(1f, new Vector3(), graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.AspectRatio); rotation += 0.1f; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[model.Bones.Count]; model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); Matrix worldMatrix = Matrix.Identity; Matrix rotationYMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationY(rotation); Matrix translateMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(location); worldMatrix = rotationYMatrix * translateMatrix; foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.World = worldMatrix * transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index]; effect.View = camera.viewMatrix; effect.Projection = camera.projectionMatrix; effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.PreferPerPixelLighting = true; } mesh.Draw(); } base.Draw(gameTime); } More Info: Rotating the object via it's properties works fine so I'm guessing there's something up with the code rather than with the object itself. Translating the object also causes the objects to get moved independently of each other rather than as a single model and each piece becomes spread around the scene. The model is in .X format.

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• 3D collision physics. Response when hitting wall, floor or roof

  - by GlamCasvaluir

  I am having problem with the most basic physic response when the player collide with static wall, floor or roof. I have a simple 3D maze, true means solid while false means air: bool bMap[100][100][100]; The player is a sphere. I have keys for moving x++, x--, y++, y-- and diagonal at speed 0.1f (0.1 * ftime). The player can also jump. And there is gravity pulling the player down. Relative movement is saved in: relx, rely and relz. One solid cube on the map is exactly 1.0f width, height and depth. The problem I have is to adjust the player position when colliding with solids, I don't want it to bounce or anything like that, just stop. But if moving diagonal left/up and hitting solid up, the player should continue moving left, sliding along the wall. Before moving the player I save the old player position: oxpos = xpos; oypos = ypos; ozpos = zpos; vec3 direction; direction = vec3(relx, rely, relz); xpos += direction.x*ftime; ypos += direction.y*ftime; zpos += direction.z*ftime; gx = floor(xpos+0.25); gy = floor(ypos+0.25); gz = floor(zpos+0.25); if (bMap[gx][gy][gz] == true) { vec3 normal = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0); // <- Problem. vec3 invNormal = vec3(-normal.x, -normal.y, -normal.z) * length(direction * normal); vec3 wallDir = direction - invNormal; xpos = oxpos + wallDir.x; ypos = oypos + wallDir.y; zpos = ozpos + wallDir.z; } The problem with my version is that I do not know how to chose the correct normal for the cube side. I only have the bool array to look at, nothing else. One theory I have is to use old values of gx, gy and gz, but I do not know have to use them to calculate the correct cube side normal.

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• How does Against The Wall create an infinite wall?

  - by Zolani13

  There is a game called Against The Wall, developed by Michael P. Consoli. It's a fantastic game, as I've always been stumped at how the game creates an infinitely spanning wall. In the game, you can fall forever, and the wall will keep spanning. I can fall as long as I like, and still be able to climb back to where I was before. The game is developed in Unity. How can a game do this without crashing, or creating some kind of memory overload?

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• How do I use Content.Load() with raw XML files?

  - by xnanewb

  I'm using the Content.Load() mechanism to load core game definitions from XML files. It works fine, though some definitions should be editable/moddable by the players. Since the content pipeline compiles everything into xnb files, that doesn't work for now. I've seen that the inbuild XNA Song content processor does create 2 files. 1 xnb file which contains meta data for the song and 1 wma file which contains the actual data. I've tried to rebuild that mechanism (so that the second file is the actual xml file), but for some reason I can't use the namespace which contains the IntermediateSerializer class to load the xml (obviously the namespace is only available in a content project?). How can I deploy raw, editable xml files and load them with Content.Load()?

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• Vertex data split into separate buffers or one one structure?

  - by kiba2

  Is it better to have all vertex data in one structure like this: class MyVertex { int x,y,z; int u,v; int normalx, normaly, normalz; } Or to have each component (location, normal, texture coordinates) in separate arrays/buffers? To me it always seemed logical to keep the data grouped together in one structure because they'd always be the same for each instance of a shared vertex and that seems to be true for things like character models (ex: the normal should be an average of adjacent normals for smooth lighting). One instance where this doesn't seem to work is other kinds of meshes like say a cube where the texture coordinates for each may be the same but that causes them to be different where the vertices are shared. Does everybody normally keep them separate? Won't this make them less space efficient if there needs to be an instance of texture coordinates and normals for each triangle vertex (They won't be indexed)? Can OpenGL even handle this mixing of indexed (for location) vs non-indexed buffers in the same VBO?

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• How to create a Raining Effect(Particles) on Android?

  - by user19495

  I am developing a 2d android strategy game, it runs on SurfaceView, so I can't(or can I?) use LibGdx's particle system. And I would like to make a raining effect, I am aiming for something like this( http://ridingwiththeriver.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/rain-fall-animation.gif ), I don't need the splash effect in the end (although that would be superb, but probably would take up a lot of system resources). How could I achieve that raining effect? Any ideas? Thank You a lot in advance!

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• Searching for fast skeletal animation algorithm

  - by igf

  Is it theoretically possible to dynamicaly animate scene with 100-150 400 poly characters meshes on high-end GL ES 2.0 mobile devices or i definetley should use prerendered keyframe animation? Scene have only one light source and precalculated shadow maps. View from top like in Warcraft 3. No any other meshes or objects. 2d collision detecting between objects calculated via spatial hashing. It can be any other algorithm besides ragdoll, but it must supply fast and simple skeletal animation for frame with 100+ low poly meshes for each mesh. Any ideas?

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