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• Managing multiple references of the same game entity in different places using IDs

  - by vargonian

  I've seen great questions on similar topics, but none that addressed this particular method: Given that I have multiple collections of game entities in my [XNA Game Studio] game, with many entities belonging to multiple lists, I'm considering ways I could keep track of whenever an entity is destroyed and remove it from the lists it belongs to. A lot of potential methods seem sloppy/convoluted, but I'm reminded of a way I've seen before in which, instead of having multiple collections of game entities, you have collections of game entity IDs instead. These IDs map to game entities via a central "database" (perhaps just a hash table). So, whenever any bit of code wants to access a game entity's members, it first checks to see if it's even in the database still. If not, it can react accordingly. Is this a sound approach? It seems that it would eliminate many of the risks/hassles of storing multiple lists, with the tradeoff being the cost of the lookup every time you want to access an object.

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• Why does my ID3DXSprite appear to be incorrectly scaled?

  - by Bjoern

  I am using D3D9 for rendering some simple things (a movie) as the backmost layer, then on top of that some text messages, and now wanted to add some buttons to that. Before adding the buttons everything seemed to have worked fine, and I was using a ID3DXSprite for the text as well (ID3DXFont), now I am loading some graphics for the buttons, but they seem to be scaled to something like 1.2 times their original size. In my test window I centered the graphic, but it being too big it just doesnt fit well, for example the client area is 640x360, the graphic is 440, so I expect 100 pixel on left and right, left side is fine [I took screenshot and "counted" the pixels in photoshop], but on the right there is only about 20 pixels) My rendering code is very simple (I am omitting error checks, et cetera, for brevity) // initially viewport was set to width/height of client area // clear device m_d3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET|D3DCLEAR_STENCIL|D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_ARGB(0,0,0,0), 1.0f, 0 ); // begin scene m_d3dDevice->BeginScene(); // render movie surface (just two triangles to which the movie is rendered) m_d3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE,false); m_d3dDevice->SetSamplerState( 0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR ); // bilinear filtering m_d3dDevice->SetSamplerState( 0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR ); // bilinear filtering m_d3dDevice->SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_COLORARG1, D3DTA_TEXTURE ); m_d3dDevice->SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_COLORARG2, D3DTA_DIFFUSE ); //Ignored m_d3dDevice->SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_COLOROP, D3DTOP_SELECTARG1 ); m_d3dDevice->SetTexture( 0, m_movieTexture ); m_d3dDevice->SetStreamSource(0, m_displayPlaneVertexBuffer, 0, sizeof(Vertex)); m_d3dDevice->SetFVF(Vertex::FVF_Flags); m_d3dDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 2); // render sprites m_sprite->Begin(D3DXSPRITE_ALPHABLEND | D3DXSPRITE_SORT_TEXTURE | D3DXSPRITE_DO_NOT_ADDREF_TEXTURE); // text drop shadow m_font->DrawText( m_playerSprite, m_currentMessage.c_str(), m_currentMessage.size(), &m_playerFontRectDropShadow, DT_RIGHT|DT_TOP|DT_NOCLIP, m_playerFontColorDropShadow ); // text m_font->DrawText( m_playerSprite, m_currentMessage.c_str(), m_currentMessage.size(), &m_playerFontRect, DT_RIGHT|DT_TOP|DT_NOCLIP, m_playerFontColorMessage ) ); // control object m_sprite->Draw( m_texture, 0, 0, &m_vecPos, 0xFFFFFFFF ); // draws a few objects like this m_sprite->End() // end scene m_d3dDevice->EndScene(); What did I forget to do here? Except for the control objects (play button, pause button etc which are placed on a "panel" which is about 440 pixels wide) everything seems fine, the objects are positioned where I expect them, but just too big. By the way I loaded the images using D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx (resizing wnidow, and reacting to lost device, etc, works fine too). For experimenting, I added some code to take an identity matrix and scale is down on the x/y axis to 0.75f, which then gave me the expected result for the controls (but also made the text smaller and out of position), but I don't know why I would need to scale anything. My rendering code is so simple, I just wanted to draw my 2D objects 1;1 the size they came from the file... I am really very inexperienced in D3D, so the answer might be very simple...

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• How much localizations is too much for a game?

  - by Krom Stern

  We are making an RTS game and we intend to add localizations to all languages our players use. So far we have 16 locales and about 3-4 are being planned. Now some crazy ideas pop up from our community, players ask for "funny text" localizations. We have been already offered a pack that makes it for 1 of our languages. Now I was thinking where should we draw a line between official localizations which we include into the game and unofficial mods that players will have to install on their own? Obviously overcrowding locale selection menu with all sorts of funny locales (LOL-cat, redneck, welsh, medieval, simplified, etc.) for all the languages seems way too much. But is it really? What are the hidden pros and cons of having too much locales and how much is too much?

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• Rotation of viewplatform in Java3D

  - by user29163

  I have just started with Java3D programming. I thought I had built up some basic intuition about how the scene graph works, but something that should work, does not work. I made a simple program for rotating a pyramid around the y-axis. This was done just by adding a RotationInterpolator R to the TransformGroup above the pyramid. Then I thought hey, can I now remove the RotationInterpolator from this TransformGroup, then add it to the TransformGroup above my ViewPlatform leaf. This should work if I have understood how things work. Adding the RotationInterpolator to this TransformGroup, should make the children of this TransformGroup rotate, and the ViewingPlatform is a child of the TransformGroup. Any ideas on where my reasoning is flawed? Here is the code for setting up the universe, and the view branchgroup. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.media.j3d.*; import javax.vecmath.*; public class UniverseBuilder { // User-specified canvas Canvas3D canvas; // Scene graph elements to which the user may want access VirtualUniverse universe; Locale locale; TransformGroup vpTrans; View view; public UniverseBuilder(Canvas3D c) { this.canvas = c; // Establish a virtual universe that has a single // hi-res Locale universe = new VirtualUniverse(); locale = new Locale(universe); // Create a PhysicalBody and PhysicalEnvironment object PhysicalBody body = new PhysicalBody(); PhysicalEnvironment environment = new PhysicalEnvironment(); // Create a View and attach the Canvas3D and the physical // body and environment to the view. view = new View(); view.addCanvas3D(c); view.setPhysicalBody(body); view.setPhysicalEnvironment(environment); // Create a BranchGroup node for the view platform BranchGroup vpRoot = new BranchGroup(); // Create a ViewPlatform object, and its associated // TransformGroup object, and attach it to the root of the // subgraph. Attach the view to the view platform. Transform3D t = new Transform3D(); Transform3D s = new Transform3D(); t.set(new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f)); t.rotX(-Math.PI/4); s.set(new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f)); //forandre verdier her for å endre viewing position t.mul(s); ViewPlatform vp = new ViewPlatform(); vpTrans = new TransformGroup(t); vpTrans.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); // Rotator stuff Transform3D yAxis = new Transform3D(); //yAxis.rotY(Math.PI/2); Alpha rotationAlpha = new Alpha( -1, Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, 0, 0,4000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0); RotationInterpolator rotator = new RotationInterpolator( rotationAlpha, vpTrans, yAxis, 0.0f, (float) Math.PI*2.0f); RotationInterpolator rotator2 = new RotationInterpolator( rotationAlpha, vpTrans); BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0,0.0,0.0), 1000.0); rotator.setSchedulingBounds(bounds); vpTrans.addChild(rotator); vpTrans.addChild(vp); vpRoot.addChild(vpTrans); view.attachViewPlatform(vp); // Attach the branch graph to the universe, via the // Locale. The scene graph is now live! locale.addBranchGraph(vpRoot); } public void addBranchGraph(BranchGroup bg) { locale.addBranchGraph(bg); } }

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• Favorite agile related books?

  - by RoyOsherove

  From implementing Scrum in an organization to Test Driven Development, what books would you recommend for beginners, advanced and trainers in Agile development methodologies?

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• How to avoid game objects accidentally deleting themselves in C++

  - by Tom Dalling

  Let's say my game has a monster that can kamikaze explode on the player. Let's pick a name for this monster at random: a Creeper. So, the Creeper class has a method that looks something like this: void Creeper::kamikaze() { EventSystem::postEvent(ENTITY_DEATH, this); Explosion* e = new Explosion; e->setLocation(this->location()); this->world->addEntity(e); } The events are not queued, they get dispatched immediately. This causes the Creeper object to get deleted somewhere inside the call to postEvent. Something like this: void World::handleEvent(int type, void* context) { if(type == ENTITY_DEATH){ Entity* ent = dynamic_cast<Entity*>(context); removeEntity(ent); delete ent; } } Because the Creeper object gets deleted while the kamikaze method is still running, it will crash when it tries to access this->location(). One solution is to queue the events into a buffer and dispatch them later. Is that the common solution in C++ games? It feels like a bit of a hack, but that might just be because of my experience with other languages with different memory management practices. In C++, is there a better general solution to this problem where an object accidentally deletes itself from inside one of its methods?

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• View Frustum Alternative

  - by Kuros

  I am working on a simulation project that requires me to have entities walking around in a 3D world. I have all that working, matrix transformations, etc. I'm at the point where I need what is essentially a view frustum, so I can give each entity a visible area. However, when looking over the calculations required to do it, it seems like a perspective frustum is only required to be able to project it onto a 2D screen. Is there another, easier to code solution, that would function better, such as an orthogonal perspective? Could I just define a shape mathematically and test wether the coordinates of the objects are inside or out? I am not really a 3D coder (and I am doing this all from scratch, not using an engine or anything), so I would like the simplest solution possible for my needs. Thank you!

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• How does this snippet of code create a ray direction vector?

  - by Isaac Waller

  In the Minecraft source code, this code is used to create a direction vector for a ray from pitch and yaw:' float f1 = MathHelper.cos(-rotationYaw * 0.01745329F - 3.141593F); float f3 = MathHelper.sin(-rotationYaw * 0.01745329F - 3.141593F); float f5 = -MathHelper.cos(-rotationPitch * 0.01745329F); float f7 = MathHelper.sin(-rotationPitch * 0.01745329F); return Vec3D.createVector(f3 * f5, f7, f1 * f5); I was wondering how it worked, and what is the constant 0.01745329F?

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• Reversi/Othello early-game evaluation function

  - by Vladislav Il'ushin

  I've written my own Reversi player, based on the MiniMax algorithm, with Alpha-Beta pruning, but in the first 10 moves my evaluation function is too slow. I need a good early-game evaluation function. I'm trying to do it with this matrix (corresponding to the board) which determines how favourable that square is to have: { 30, -25, 10, 5, 5, 10, -25, 30,}, {-25, -25, 1, 1, 1, 1, -25, -25,}, { 10, 1, 5, 2, 2, 5, 1, 10,}, { 5, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 5,}, { 5, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 5,}, { 10, 1, 5, 2, 2, 5, 1, 10,}, {-25, -25, 1, 1, 1, 1, -25, -25,}, { 30, -25, 10, 5, 5, 10, -25, 30,},}; But it doesn't work well. Have you even written an early-game evaluation function for Reversi?

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• How to get a point to the left/right of a vector

  - by MulletDevil

  I have a position vector of a point in space and a quaternion for it's rotation. What i'm trying to calculate is a point too the left and a point to the right. I have the position and rotation(quaternion) of the red dot. What I want is to get the position of the green dots. I have a float value for the distance I want these points to be. With only the position and rotation is it possible to get a unit direction vector pointing left/right which I can multiply by my float value? Edit: I also know the original direction vector.

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• XNA 4.0 Refresh AudioEngine, WaveBank and Others Not Found

  - by Peteyslatts

  I'm going through the Learning XNA 4.0 book, and unfortunately I installed XNA 4.0 refresh. All the code up until now has worked, with the exception of me needing to remove the Framework.Net and Framework.Storage. (As a side question, will this be problematic later?) The problem I'm having now is that in my Game1.cs file, I have imported all of the XNA.Framework libraries, and when I try and create instances of any of the following classes, an error pops up saying VisualStudio can't find them: AudiEngine, WaveBank, SoundBank, and Cue. I have googled around for a while, and the only solution I saw was to import Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Xact, but this doesn't seem to exist for me. Any help is much appreciated, Thanks Peter.

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• How to perform simple collision detection?

  - by Rob

  Imagine two squares sitting side by side, both level with the ground like so: A simple way to detect if one is hitting the other is to compare the location of each side. They are touching if all of the following are false: The right square's left side is to the right of the left square's right side. The right square's right side is to the left of the left square's left side. The right square's bottom side is above the left square's top side. The right square's top side is below the left square's bottom side. If any of those are true, the squares are not touching. But consider a case like this, where one square is at a 45 degree angle: Is there an equally simple way to determine if those squares are touching?

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• Is there a cross-platform special directory I can use for game save files?

  - by Suds

  I'm developing with LWJGL and Java on a Windows 7 laptop. I've successfully set up saving to the %appdata%\gamename\saves\ or long form c:\users\user\appdata\roaming\gamename\saves\ folder by using File dir = new File(System.getenv("APPDATA") + "\\gamename\\saves\\");. I have hobbyist level experience with Linux, and zero experience with OSX. My game will be fully cross platform. Is System.getenv("APPDATA"); cross platform? If so, where does it point to on Linux or OSX? Is there a best practices alternative that I should use?

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• One-way platforms in UDK

  - by Jordaan Mylonas

  I'm looking to make a multi-player platforming game using UDK. I'm currently doing feasibility research, to make sure I will reasonably be able to do all of the technical things I want to do. The first major hurdle I've come across without being able to find as answer, are one-way platforms. That is to say, platforms through which a player can jump up, but not fall through (unless they choose to). These are commonly seen in games like Mario, Kirby and Smash Bros. Does anyone know how such a system would work within UDK? I can think of solutions that might work for single-player, but not multi.

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• Why are trees shining in background?

  - by Kinected

  Currently I am creating a forest scene in the dark, and the trees are shining far away, but when I get close they are fine. I have the shaders set to "Nature/Tree Soft Occlusion [bark/leaves]", but they are still rendering strange far away, but close they are fine. I tried placing the trees in a folder named "Ambient-Occlusion" like said here, but no luck. Also fog is turned off. Thanks in advance.

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• Point Light Soft Shadows

  - by notabene

  How to implement soft shadows for omni directional (point) light. We use typical shadow mapping technique. Depth is rendered to texture cube and addresing is pretty simple then. Just using vector from light to fragments world position. It works perfectly. Until you want soft shadows. In our engine we use PCSS technique for spot lights. But for point light there begins troubles. How to sample in 3D? I developed technique when orthonormal basis is created from a direction and upvector (0,1,0). And then multiply sampling vector (something like this (1.0,i/depthMapSize,j/depthMapSize) with this basis. But this (of course :)) looks pretty bad for vectors near (0,1,0) and (0,-1,0). I will appreciate any help on this.

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• How do I implement Unreal-like object serialization?

  - by MrWiggels

  Recently, I've been working on the core of my engine, and as I'm moving forward I find myself developing throwaway code to read files and simple data into the engine. This got me thinking about how I should implement a file management system. After a bit of googleing I came across the Unreal Package format, and boy does it look like the perfect one. I think it's good because the way how it allows you to separate different assets into different packages and allow something like a level to reference the different packages. I was just wondering, is this possible with C#? Because the built-in serialization API in .NET does not seem to support any form of this, only reading and writing to a single file.

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• Triple buffering causes input lag?

  - by user782220

  Consider some time in between two vsyncs. Suppose the first display buffer is being used to display the current image, and suppose the game was really fast and computed and rendered the next image to the second display buffer and the next one after that to the third display buffer. That is the rendering to the second and third display buffer happens so fast that it occurs before the next vsync. Suppose input from the user comes in now. What you would like is for the results of the input to show up on the next vsync or (probably more typical) the vsync after that. However, with the third display buffer already rendered the input can only effect the image after that. Meaning the input will only take effect at best 3 vsyncs later. I wish i had an image to show the exact timings of what I mean.

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• Alternative to NV Occlusion Query - getting the number of fragments which passed the depth test

  - by Etan

  In "modern" environments, the "NV Occlusion Query" extension provide a method to get the number of fragments which passed the depth test. However, on the iPad / iPhone using OpenGL ES, the extension is not available. What is the most performant approach to implement a similar behaviour in the fragment shader? Some of my ideas: Render the object completely in white, then count all the colors together using a two-pass shader where first a vertical line is rendered and for each fragment the shader computes the sum over the whole row. Then, a single vertex is rendered whose fragment sums all the partial sums of the first pass. Doesn't seem to be very efficient. Render the object completely in white over a black background. Downsample recursively, abusing the hardware linear interpolation between textures until being at a reasonably small resolution. This leads to fragments which have a greyscale level depending on the number of white pixels where in their corresponding region. Is this even accurate enough? ... ?

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• Procedural Planets, Heightmaps and Textures

  - by henryprescott

  I am currently working on an OpenGL procedural planet generator. I hope to use it for a space RPG, that will not allow players to go down to the surface of a planet so I have ignored anything ROAM related. At the moment I am drawing a cube with VBOs and mapping onto a sphere. I am familiar with most fractal heightmap generating techniques and have already implemented my own version of midpoint displacement (not that useful in this case I know). My question is, what is the best way to procedurally generate the heightmap. I have looked at libnoise which allows me to make tilable heightmaps/textures, but as far as I can see I would need to generate a net like this. Leaving the tiling obvious. Could anyone advise me on the best route to take? Any input would be much appreciated.

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• How to alter image pixels of a wild life bird?

  - by NoobScratcher

  Hello so I was hoping someone knew how to move or change color and position actual image pixels and could explain and show the code to do so. I know how to write pixels on a surface or screen-surface usigned int *ptr = static_cast <unsigned int *> (screen-pixels); int offset = y * (screen->pitch / sizeof(unsigned int)); ptr[offset + x] = color; But I don't know how to alter or manipulate a image pixel of a png image my thoughts on this was How do I get the values and locations of pixels and what do I have to write to make it happen? Then how do I actually change the values or locations of those gotten pixels and how do I make that happen? any ideas tip suggestions are also welcome! int main(int argc , char *argv[]) { SDL_Surface *Screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(640,480,32,SDL_SWSURFACE); SDL_Surface *Image; Image = IMG_Load("image.png"); bool done = false; SDL_Event event; while(!done) { SDL_FillRect(Screen,NULL,(0,0,0)); SDL_BlitSurface(Image,NULL,Screen,NULL); while(SDL_PollEvent(&event)) { switch(event.type) { case SDL_QUIT: return 0; break; } } SDL_Flip(Screen); } return 0; }

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• Open source management game in java

  - by jcw

  I am trying to find an open source sport management game, much like the link below, but am failing to do so. There are two links provided in the below question that are both fine,'except for one minor problem - I only know java! Is there an open source sports manager project? After some googling, I have been unsuccessful in finding a sports management game that is written in java. I am do not particullarly care about the type of sport, becuase I am mostly interested in mechanics. Does anyone know of any such projects or am I out of luck on java?

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• Rendering scaled-down card images

  - by user1065145

  I have high-quality SVG card images, but they drastically lose their quality when I downsize them. I have tried two ways of rendering cards (using Inkscape and Imagemagics): 1) Render SVG to high-res PNG and resize it then: inkscape -D --export-png=QS1024.png --export-width=1024 QS.svg convert QS1024.png -filter Lanczos -sampling-factor 1x1 -resize 71x QS71.png 2) Render SVG to image of proper size at once: inkscape -D --export-png=QS71.png --export-width=71 QS.svg Both approaches generate blurry card images, which looks even worse than old Windows cards. What are the best way to generate smaller card images from SVG sources and not to loose their quality a lot? UPDATE: I am using Inkscape to render SVG - PNG and ImageMagick then to downsize PNG. I've tried using convert -resize with couple of filters (Lanczos/Mitchell/etc), but result was pretty much the same. Original: 71x raster:

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• Multiplayer online game engine/pipeline

  - by Slav

  I am implementing online multiplayer game where client must be written in AS3 (Flash) to embed game into browser and server in C++ (abstract part of which is already written and used with other games). Networking models may differ from each other, but currently I'm looking toward game's logic run on both client and server parts but they're written on different languages while it's not the main problem. My previous game (pretty big one - was implemented with efforts of ~5 programmers in 1.5 years) was mainly "written" within electronic tables as structured objects with implemented inheritance: was written standalone tool which generated AS3 and C++ (languages of platforms to which the game was published) using specified electronic tables file (.xls or .ods). That file contained ~50 tables with ~50 rows and ~50 columns each and was mainly written by game designers which do not know any programming languages. But that game was single-player. Having declared problem with my currently implementing MMO, I'm looking toward some vast pipeline, where will be resolved such problems like: game objects descriptions (which starships exist within game, how much HP they have, how fast move, what damage deal...) actions descriptions (what players or NPCs can do: attack each other, collect resources, build structures, move, teleport, cast spells) - actions are transmitted through server between clients influences (what happens when specified action applied on specified object, e.i "Ship A attacked Ship B: field "HP" of Ship B reduced by amount of field "damage" of Ship A" Influences can be much more difficult, yes, e.i. "damage is twice it's size when Ship has =5 allies around him in a 200 units range during night" and so on. If to be able to write such logic within some "design document" it will be easily possible to: let designers to do their job without programmer's intervention or any bug-prone programming validate described logic transfer (transform, convert) to any programming language where it will be executed Did somebody worked on something like that? Is there some tools/engines/pipelines which concernes with it? How to handle all of this problems simultaneously in a best way or do I properly imagine my tasks and problems to myself?

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• This for array colllision function doesn't work with anything but first object in array

  - by Zee Bashew

  For some reason, this simple simple loop is totally broken. (characterSheet is my character Class, it's just a movieClip with some extra functionality) (hitBox, is basically a square movieclip) Anyway: every time hitBox make contact with a characterSheet in a different order than they were created: Nothing happens. The program only seems to be listening to collisions that are made with o2[0]. As soon as another hitBox is created, it pushes the last one out of o2[0] and the last one becomes totally useless. What's super weird is that I can hit characterSheets in any order I like.... public function collisions(o1:Array, o2:Array) { if((o1.lenght>=0)&&(o2.length>=0)){ for (var i = 0; i < o1.length; i++) { var ob1 = o1[i]; for (var f = 0; f < o1.length; f++) { var ob2 = o2[f]; if (ob1 is characterSheet) { if (ob2.hitTestObject(ob1)) { var right:Boolean = true; if (ob1.x < hitBox(ob2).origin.x) right = false; characterSheet(ob1).specialDamage(hitBox(ob2).damageType, hitBox(ob2).damage, right); }}}}}} Also it might be somewhat helpful to see the function for creating a new hitBox public function SpawnHitBox(targeted, following, atype, xoff, yoff, ... args) { var newHitBox = new hitBox(targeted, following, atype, xoff, yoff, args); badCollisionObjects.push(newHitBox); arraydictionary[newHitBox] = badCollisionObjects; addChild(newHitBox); }

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