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• Creating a game engine in C++ and Python - Where do I start? [closed]

  - by Peter

  Yes, you read correctly, how does humble ole Peter here make an engine using the 2 languages he's proficient in to an extent. I have more than enough time and wish not to use any 3rd party "stuffs" (engine parts like methods, classes etc etc, fully from scratch). If anyone could PLEASE explain how this is done then i will love you forever. Thanks for reading, hoping for some productive answers. Thankyou very much. EDIT: Re read what i've said for the 4th time, forgot to mention; 2D sprite based, with voxels and physics. :D

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• (Android) How are OpenGL ES 1 framebuffers and textures sized?

  - by jens

  I am trying to draw to a texture using a framebuffer using OpenGL ES 1.1 on Android, Java. Afterwords I want to overlay this texture full-screen over my game. In theory, this works like a charm, but somehow the coordinates are off. For testing I drew something at (0,0) with width and height 200, and it partly is off-screen. This is how I create the framebuffer: fb = new int[1]; depthRb = new int[1]; renderTex = new int[1]; gl11ep.glGenFramebuffersOES(1, fb, 0); gl11ep.glGenRenderbuffersOES(1, depthRb, 0); // the depth buffer gl.glGenTextures(1, renderTex, 0);// generate texture gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderTex[0]); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL10.GL_REPEAT); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL10.GL_REPEAT); texBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(buf.length*4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).asIntBuffer(); gl.glTexImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL10.GL_LUMINANCE, texW, texH, 0, GL10.GL_LUMINANCE, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texBuffer); gl11ep.glBindRenderbufferOES(GL11ExtensionPack.GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, depthRb[0]); gl11ep.glRenderbufferStorageOES(GL11ExtensionPack.GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL11ExtensionPack.GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16, texW, texH); Before I draw, I do this: gl11ep.glBindFramebufferOES(GL11ExtensionPack.GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, fb[0]); gl.glClearColor(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f); // specify texture as color attachment gl11ep.glFramebufferTexture2DOES(GL11ExtensionPack.GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, GL11ExtensionPack.GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0_OES, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderTex[0], 0); // attach render buffer as depth buffer gl11ep.glFramebufferRenderbufferOES(GL11ExtensionPack.GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, GL11ExtensionPack.GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OES, GL11ExtensionPack.GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, depthRb[0]); I set texW = 1024 and texH = 512. When rendering this texture fullscreen, with a lightmask (size 200x200) placed at (0, 0) and (texW/2, texH/2). You can see that it seems like the coordinate system doesnt start at (0,0) as that light overlaps the screen and the images are not drawn as squares (my lightcone-texture is a circle, not an ellipse). So, how is the coordinate system of this offscreen-drawn texture defined? Thanks

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• Fog with Blend in OpenGL

  - by MhdAljobory

  I want to add fog in my scene which contain transparent textures made by Blend , when i enable the fog the transparent textures appear white From a distance but when i disable it the textures appear well. What is the solution to the problem of whiteness? Fog Code: GLfloat fogColor[4]= {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f}; glClearColor(0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,1.0f); glFogi(GL_FOG_MODE, GL_LINEAR); glFogfv(GL_FOG_COLOR, fogColor); glFogf(GL_FOG_DENSITY, 0.35f); glHint(GL_FOG_HINT, GL_DONT_CARE); glFogf(GL_FOG_START, 1.0f); glFogf(GL_FOG_END, 1000.0f); glEnable(GL_FOG); Screenshot

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• How should I structure the implementation of turn-based board game rules?

  - by Setzer22

  I'm trying to create a turn-based strategy game on a tilemap. I'm using design by component so far, but I can't find a nice way to fit components into the part I want to ask. I'm struggling with the "game rules" logic. That is, the code that displays the menu, allows the player to select units, and command them, then tells the unit game objects what to do given the player input. The best way I could thing of handling this was using a big state machine, so everything that could be done in a "turn" is handled by this state machine, and the update code of this state machine does different things depending on the state. However, this approach leads to a large amount of code (anything not model-related) going into a big class. Of course I can subdivide this big class into more classes, but it doesn't feel modular and upgradable enough. I'd like to know of better systems to handle this in order to be able to upgrade the game with new rules without having a monstruous if/else chain (or switch / case, for that matter). Any ideas? What specific design pattern other than MVC should I be using?

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• If I were to start an Android or iPhone app or game, what program should I use?

  - by John

  I don't really know a lot about programming and the only things I do is using codes with Gamemaker, but I have read that it is too basic and it can't be used with iPhone or Android. Is there anything free that I can use to make games for those platforms? Or if not, any suggestions for engines or anything else? I was wondering about Unity, for example, is that a good investment to use for making games?

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• Client and Server game update speed

  - by user20686

  I am working on a simple two player networked asteroids game using XNA and the Lidgren networking library. For this set up I have a Lidgren server maintaining what I want to be the true state of the game, and the XNA game is the Lidgren client. The client sends key inputs to the server, and the server process the key inputs against game logic, sending back updates. (This seemed like a better idea then sending local positions to the server.) The client also processes the key inputs on its own, so as to not have any visible lag, and then interpolates between the local position and remote position. Based on what I have been reading this is the correct way to smooth out a networked game. The only thing I don’t get is what value to use as the time deltas. Currently every message the server sends it also sends a delta-time update with it, which is time between the last update. The client then saves this delta time to use for its local position updates, so they can be using roughly the same time deltas to calculate position updates. I know the XNA game update gets called 60 times a second, so I set my server to update the game state at the same speed. This will probably only work as long as the game is working on a fixed time step and will probably cause problems if I want to change that in the future. The server sends updates to clients on another thread, which runs at 10 updates per second to cut down on bandwidth. I do not see noticeable lag in movement and over time if no user input is received the local and remote positions converge on each other as they should. I am also not currently calculating for any latency as I am trying to go one step at a time. So my question is should the XNA client be using its current game time to update the local game state and not being using time deltas sent by the server? If I should be using the clients time delta between updates how do I keep it in-line with how fast the server is updating its game state?

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• How to draw a texture to a MS Terrain object - Farseer

  - by Brad

  I'm using Farseer to make a game in XNA and I can't seem to figure this out. I've decided to use MSTerrain for making my game's terrain because I wanted destructible terrain and MSTerrain seemed like the best bet. Unfortunately, I'm stumped on how to actually show the terrain. When I generate the terrain it's visible in debug view, but MSTerrain does not have a Draw method, so I'm wondering how it is supposed to be drawn to the screen? Is it worth pursuing? I'm starting to think that MSTerrain is more trouble than it's worth, is there another better way to do this with bodies? I appreciate any help you can give. Thanks.

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• How can I use an object pool for optimization in AndEngine?

  - by coder_For_Life22

  I have read up on a tutorial that allows you to reuse sprites that are re-added to the scene such as bullets from a gun or any other objects using an ObjectPool. In my game i have a variation of sprites about 6 all together with different textures. This is how the object pool is set up with its own class extending Java's GenericPool class public class BulletPool extends GenericPool<BulletSprite> { private TextureRegion mTextureRegion; public BulletPool(TextureRegion pTextureRegion) { if (pTextureRegion == null) { // Need to be able to create a Sprite so the Pool needs to have a TextureRegion throw new IllegalArgumentException("The texture region must not be NULL"); } mTextureRegion = pTextureRegion; } /** * Called when a Bullet is required but there isn't one in the pool */ @Override protected BulletSprite onAllocatePoolItem() { return new BulletSprite(mTextureRegion); } /** * Called when a Bullet is sent to the pool */ @Override protected void onHandleRecycleItem(final BulletSprite pBullet) { pBullet.setIgnoreUpdate(true); pBullet.setVisible(false); } /** * Called just before a Bullet is returned to the caller, this is where you write your initialize code * i.e. set location, rotation, etc. */ @Override protected void onHandleObtainItem(final BulletSprite pBullet) { pBullet.reset(); } } As you see here it takes a TextureRegion parameter. The only problem i am facing with this is that i need to have 6 different sprites recycled and reused in the ObjectPool. This ObjectPool is set up to only use one TextureRegion. Any idea's or suggestions on how to do this?

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• Multiple ( V- / I- ) Buffers, is it sane?

  - by Techie

  Currently I am developing an RTS game using XNA ( / ANX.Framework ). There is one thing bothers me. I am not sure in what way or how to organise Buffers. Should I use a new Vertexbuffer for any object ( e.g. a Char, a Table, an model ) or is it better to use ONE HUGE/ BIG Buffer to store any geometry in? I am still new to 3D Programming though I finished yet couple games using DirectX 9. Well, I hope this question qin't a duplicate and I appreciate any answer leading me into the right direction.

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• Collisions and Lists

  - by user50635

  I've run into an issue that breaks my collisions. Here's my method: Gather Input Project Rectangle Check for intersection and ispassable Update The update method is built on object_position * seconds_passed * velocity * speed. Input changes velocity and is normalized if 1. This method works well with just one object comparison, however I pass a list or a for loop to the collision detector and velocity gets changed back to a non zero when the list hits an object that passes the test and the object can pass through. Any solutions would be much appreciated. Side note is there a more proper way to simulate movement?

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• Is it safe to run multiple XNA ContentManager instances on multiple threads?

  - by Boinst

  My XNA project currently uses one ContentManager instance, and one dedicated background thread for loading all content. I wonder, would it be safe to have multiple ContentManager instances, each in it's own dedicated thread, loading different content at the same time? I'm prompted to ask this question because this article makes the following statement: If there are two textures created at the same time on different threads, they will clobber the other and you will end up with some garbage in the textures. I think that what the author is saying here, is that if I access one ContentManager simultaneously on two threads, I'll get garbage. But what if I have separate ContentManager instances for each thread? If no-one knows the answer already from experience, I'll go ahead and try it and see what happens.

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• Triangles in a C++ STL Vector as an Objective-C member sometimes draws incorrectly in OpenGL ES

  - by Rahil627

  The polygons draw correctly 80% of the time. When it fails, a vertex is dislocated. The polygon is consistently drawn with the wrong vertex. I checked that the vector is correct during initialization, even when it's wrongly drawn. I'm using Cocos2d. The class member: @interface Polygon : CCSprite { std::vector<float> triangleVertices; } The draw function called in [Polygon draw]: + (void)drawTrianglesWithVertices:(const std::vector<float> &)v { //glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glDisableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY); glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, &v[0]); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, v.size()); //glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); } Any ideas?

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• Why do I have to divide the origin of a quad by 4 instead of 2?

  - by vinzBad

  I'm currently transitioning from C#/XNA to C#/OpenTK but I'm getting stuck at the basics. So I have this Sprite-Class: public static bool EnableDebugDraw = true; public float X; public float Y; public float OriginX = 0; public float OriginY = 0; public float Width = 0.1f; public float Height = 0.1f; public Color TintColor = Color.Red; float _layerDepth = 0f; public void Render() { Vector2[] corners = { new Vector2(X-OriginX,Y-OriginY), //top left new Vector2(X +Width -OriginX,Y-OriginY),//top right new Vector2(X +Width-OriginX,Y+Height-OriginY),//bottom rigth new Vector2(X-OriginX,Y+Height-OriginY)//bottom left }; GL.Color3(TintColor); GL.Begin(BeginMode.Quads); { for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) GL.Vertex3(corners[i].X,corners[i].Y,_layerDepth); } GL.End(); if (EnableDebugDraw) { GL.Color3(Color.Violet); GL.PointSize(3); GL.Begin(BeginMode.Points); { for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) GL.Vertex2(corners[i]); } GL.End(); GL.Color3(Color.Green); GL.Begin(BeginMode.Points); GL.Vertex2(X + OriginX, Y + OriginY); GL.End(); } With the following setup I try to set the origin of the quad to the middle of the quad. _sprite.OriginX = _sprite.Width / 2; _sprite.OriginY = _sprite.Height / 2; but this sets the origin to the upper right corner of the quad, so i have to _sprite.OriginX = _sprite.Width / 4; _sprite.OriginY = _sprite.Height / 4; However this is not the intended behaviour, could you advise me how I fix this?

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• How to update a mesh position base on a pressed key?

  - by steven166

  I have a mesh loaded from a file, like a tiger mesh. At the first time it locates at A position, then if I press a left key, it will moves to B position but the problem is if I press a left key one more time, it will move from B position to C position. It means that the amount I want to move the mesh will base on the current position instead of the first time rendering position. I can do it if I have a array vertices then I just update the vertex buffer, but a mesh loaded from a file does not have an array vertices, so how to do it? Anybody help me, please?

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• engine for responsive gameplay

  - by zaftcoAgeiha

  Many games have been praised for its responsive gameplay, where each user action input correspond to a quick and precise character movement (eg: super meat boy, shank...) What makes those games responsive? and what prevents other games from achieving the same? How much of it is due to the game framework used to queue mouse/keyboard events and render/update the game and how much is attributed to better coding?

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• Game 30% done on HTML5. Maybe it was a bad idea. Should I change to Unity3d? [on hold]

  - by Dokkat

  I'm creating a 3d game on HTML5. It's 30% complete and the hard part is already coded. The server is on node.js.Now I'm realizing that maybe it was not a wise choice. This is because I realized: Three.js still has many bugs. I don't see the same thing on every machine. Each browser, OS, can give different results. I'm afraid my clients will have a great stress installing my game properly. I have tons of sprites and models on my game. I wonder if my clients will have to load all them again everytime they want to play? I wonder if a Node.js server will be fast enough to handle it, and I'm afraid it won't be scalable. What would you advise me? Should I continue and finish the game on HTML5 or is it better to remake it on something else, like Unity3d for the client and (what?) for the server?

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• Farseer circle hangs where it's spawned

  - by necrosmash

  I'm currently trying to simply spawn a circle in Farseer. However, it's stuck wherever I spawn it! The game is updating fine, as I can see the circle spinning in place when I spawn it because of how I currently have gravity set up (following code from Game1.cs): // Initialise the screen center for use with // the Level class screenCenter = new Vector2(graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width / 2f, graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height / 2f); world = new World(new Vector2(20, 20)); currentLevel = new Level1(screenCenter, circleSprite, groundSprite, ref world); Level1 constructor: public Level1(Vector2 screenCenter, Texture2D circleSprite, Texture2D groundSprite, ref World world) { player = new Player(ref world, screenCenter, circleSprite); ground = new Ground(ref world, screenCenter, groundSprite); listLevelItems = new List<LevelItem>(); listLevelItems.Add(player); listLevelItems.Add(ground); } Player constructor: public Player(ref World world, Vector2 screenCenter, Texture2D sprite) { setSprite(sprite); setPosition((screenCenter / MeterInPixels) + new Vector2(0f, 0f)); playerBody = BodyFactory.CreateCircle(world, 96f / (2f * MeterInPixels), 1f, playerPosition); getBody().BodyType = BodyType.Dynamic; // Ball bounce and friction getBody().Restitution = 0.3f; getBody().Friction = 0.5f; } If I use a breakpoint and change the playerBody position while the game is halted, the ball does move, but stays fixed in its new location. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• I finished "Beginning Android Games", should I use its framework?

  - by orod

  I've worked through Mario Zechner's "Beginning Android Games" and have made my own pong and asteroids game using the framework used in the book. I have also downloaded the source code for Replica Island and am able to run that. I like Replica Island's framework over the one I made from reading the book. Some differences are that Replica Island uses different activities for each screen instead of Zechner's Screen class and that Replica Island can use a lot of textures and isn't limited to textures with dimensions of powers of 2. If I'm serious about writing games and apps for Android should I learn Replica Island's framework and use that instead of the one I made while reading Zechner's book?

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• How do I get mouse x / y of the world plane in Unity?

  - by Discipol

  I am trying to make a tiled landscape. The terrain itself is not made from tiles but the world has a grid which I define. I would like to place boxes/rectangles which snap to this grid, at runtime, but in order for me to do that I must get a projection from the user screen to the real-world coordinates. I have tried various examples using the Ray class but nothing worked. It compiles and outputs a constant value no matter where I put the mouse. I have tried to add some tiles and try to detect them but no luck. I also tried with one plane as big as my world but still no luck. I am using C# but even a JS version would be helpful. This technique involves calculating which tile the mouse is under by the x and y positions. Perhaps detecting which tile itself is being pointed to would be a simpler task, at which point I can just retrieve its i/j properties. Update: I got it working thanks to some answers, but the ball freaks out towards the far end of the plane. Why is this? https://www.dropbox.com/sh/9pqnl30lm6uwm6h/AACc2JcbW16z6PuHFLLfCAX6a

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• Multiply mode in SpriteBatch

  - by ashes999

  I have a "lighting" texture (black background with white or colours for lights) that I want to draw as a multiplcation operation. SpriteBatch.Begin can specify BlendState.Additive, but there's no BlendState.Multiplicative. I also tried the solution in this answer, but it didn't work -- even when I (incorrectly?) changed the code to work with XNA 4 style ColorDestinationBlend, I ended up with the final solution being inverted (black area where the light is, everything else is visible). I initially thought of a shader, but I couldn't get shaders to work with MonoGame, so I'm falling back to SpriteBatch.

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• moving in the wrong direction

  - by Will

  Solution: To move a unit forward: forward = Quaternion(0,0,0,1) rotation.normalize() # ocassionally ... pos += ((rotation * forward) * rotation.conjugated()).xyz().normalized() * speed I think the trouble stemmed from how the Euclid math library was doing Quaternion*Vector3 multiplication, although I can't see it. I have a vec3 position, a quaternion for rotation and a speed. I compute the player position like this: rot *= Quaternion().rotate_euler(0.,roll_speed,pitch_speed) rot.normalize() pos += rot.conjugated() * Vector3(0.,0.,-speed) However, printing the pos to console, I can see that I only ever seem to travel on the x-axis. When I draw the scene using the rot quaternion to rotate my camera, it shows a proper orientation. What am I doing wrong? Here's an example: You start off with rotation being an identity quaternion: w=1,x=0,y=0,z=0 You move forward; the code correctly decrements the Z You then pitch right over to face the other way; if you spin only 175deg it'll go in right direction; you have to spin past 180deg. It doesn't matter which direction you spin in, up or down, though Your quaternion can then be something like: w=0.1,x=0.1,y=0,z=0 And moving forward, you actually move backward?! (I am using the euclid Python module, but its the same as every other conjulate) The code can be tried online at http://williame.github.com/ludum_dare_24_evolution/ The only key that adjusts the speed is W and S. The arrow keys only adjust the pitch/roll. At first you can fly ok, but after a bit of weaving around you end up getting sucked towards one of the sides. The code is https://github.com/williame/ludum_dare_24_evolution/blob/cbacf61a7159d2c83a2187af5f2015b2dde28687/tiny1web.py#L102

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• background animation algorithm for single screen

  - by becool_max

  I’m writing simple strategy game (in xna), and would like to have an animated background. In my game all the actions happens inside one screen and thus standard parallax effect does not look appropriate. However, I found a video of a game with suitable background animation for my game http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vcxdbjulf90&feature=share&list=PLEEF9ABAB913946E6 (from 3 to 6s, while main character stays at the same place). What is the algorithm to do this stuff? It would be nice if someone can provide a reference for a similar example (language is not important).

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• How can a pygame image be colored?

  - by Juicy

  I'm writing a 2d particle system for a game in Pygame[1]. For the particles, I have an image surface loaded from a file -- basically a white primitive drawn over a transparent background. I'd like the particle engine to emit variously colored particles, but I'm not sure how to tell Pygame to color the surface. I've looked through what passes for documentation, but I'm having trouble finding anything. [1] Yeah, I don't really like Pygame, but my course insists I write this project in Python.

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• Moving two objects proportionally

  - by SSL

  I'm trying to move two objects away from each other at a proportional distance, but on different scales. I'm not quite sure how to do this. Object A can go from position 0.1 to 1. Object B has no limits. If object B is decreasing, then Object A should be decreasing at rate R. Likewise, if Object B is increasing, then Object A increases at rate R. How can I tie these two Object positions together so that in an update loop, they automatically update their positions? I tried using: ObjA.Pos += 0.001f * ObjB.VelocityY; //0.001f is the rate This works but there's an error each time it runs. ObjA starts off at its max position 1 but then the next time it will stop at 0.97, 0.94, 0.91 etc.. This is due to the 0.001f rate I put in. Is there a way to control the rate, yet not end up with the rounding error?

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• Why doesn't this ContentLoader project (VS2010 e) recognize Microsoft.Build.dll?

  - by IAbstract

  I am working with an XNA content loader sample. In the references for the project (VS 2010 Express) there are: Microsoft.Build Microsoft.Build.Framework //as well as the standard XNA framework and graphics references To emulate this project, I am trying to first add a reference to Microsoft.Build.dll. But Visual Studio warns me that it cannot load the .dll. I looked at MSDN and the document referenced Microsoft.Build.Evaluation. This is suppose to be available in the Microsoft.Build.dll and then I'll have access to the Project class. Has anyone had any experience with this?

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