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  • Creating a DrawableGameComponent

    - by Christian Frantz
    If I'm going to draw cubes effectively, I need to get rid of the numerous amounts of draw calls I have and what has been suggested is that I create a "mesh" of my cubes. I already have them being stored in a single vertex buffer, but the issue lies in my draw method where I am still looping through every cube in order to draw them. I thought this was necessary as each cube will have a set position, but it lowers the frame rate incredibly. What's the easiest way to go about this? I have a class CubeChunk that inherits Microsoft.Stuff.DrawableGameComponent, but I don't know what comes next. I suppose I could just use the chunk of cubes created in my cube class, but that would just keep me going in circles and drawing each cube individually. The goal here is to create a draw method that draws my chunk as a whole, and to not draw individual cubes as I've been doing.

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  • Frame Buffer Objects vs calling TexCoord2f?

    - by sensae
    I'm learning the basics of OpenGL with lwjgl currently, and following a guide I've got textured quads that can move around a scene. I've been reading about Frame Buffer Objects, and I'm not really clear on their purpose and their benefit. My understanding is that I'll create a FBO with the texture I'd like, load the FBO, draw a quad, then unload the FBO. What would the technique I'm currently doing for texture management be called, and how does it differ from using FBOs? What are the benefits to using FBOs? How does it fit into the grand rendering scheme of things?

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  • Image first loaded, then it isn't? (XNA)

    - by M0rgenstern
    I am very confused at the Moment. I have the following Class: (Just a part of the class): public class GUIWindow { #region Static Fields //The standard image for windows. public static IngameImage StandardBackgroundImage; #endregion } IngameImage is just one of my own classes, but actually it contains a Texture2D (and some other things). In another class I load a list of GUIButtons by deserializing a XML file. public static GUI Initializazion(string pXMLPath, ContentManager pConMan) { GUI myGUI = pConMan.Load<GUI>(pXMLPath); GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage = new IngameImage(pConMan.Load<Texture2D>(myGUI.WindowStandardBackgroundImagePath), Vector2.Zero, 1024, 600, 1, 0, Color.White, 1.0f, true, false, false); System.Console.WriteLine("Image loaded? " + (GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage.ImageStrip != null)); myGUI.Windows = pConMan.Load<List<GUIWindow>>(myGUI.GUIFormatXMLPath); System.Console.WriteLine("Windows loaded"); return myGUI; } Here this line: System.Console.WriteLine("Image loaded? " + (GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage.ImageStrip != null)); Prints "true". To load the GUIWindows I need an "empty" constructor, which looks like that: public GUIWindow() { Name = ""; Buttons = new List<Button>(); ImagePath = ""; System.Console.WriteLine("Image loaded? (In win) " + (GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage.ImageStrip != null)); //Image = new IngameImage(StandardBackgroundImage); //System.Console.WriteLine( //Image.IsActive = false; SelectedButton = null; IsActive = false; } As you can see, I commented lines out in the constructor. Because: Otherwise this would crash. Here the line System.Console.WriteLine("Image loaded? (In win) " + (GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage.ImageStrip != null)); Doesn't print anything, it just crashes with the following errormessage: Building content threw NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an object instance. Why does this happen? Before the program wants to load the List, it prints "true". But in the constructor, so in the loading of the list it prints "false". Can anybody please tell me why this happens and how to fix it?

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  • Objects disappear when zoomed out in Unity

    - by Starkers
    Ignore the palm trees here. I have some oak-like trees when I'm zoomed in: They disappear when I zoom out: Is this normal? Is this something to do with draw distance? How can I change this so my trees don't disappear? The reason I ask is because my installation had a weird terrain glitch. If this isn't normal I'm going to reinstall right away because I'm always thinking 'is that a feature? Or a glitch'?

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  • NPOT texture and video memory usage

    - by Eonil
    I read in this QA that NPOT will take memory as much as next POT sized texture. It means it doesn't give any benefit than POT texture with proper management. (maybe even worse because NPOT should be slower!) Is this true? Does NPOT texture take and waste same memory like POT texture? I am considering NPOT texture for post-processing, so if it doesn't give memory space benefit, using of NPOT texture is meaningless to me. Maybe answer can be different for each platforms. I am targeting mobile devices. Such as iPhone or Androids. Does NPOT texture takes same amount of memory on mobile GPUs?

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  • Scale DIV with tiles

    - by user15350
    I am trying to create a repeating background. I have a main DIV with a grid of small 16x16 DIVs. I am trying to scale the main DIV in CSS; when the small DIVs simply have a red background color everything works great, but when there is a background image in the small DIVs then borders become visible between the tiles. This image explains the problem: http://cl.ly/FpNW/o Check the HTML in these examples: With BG-COLOR: http://jsfiddle.net/pTLXw/ With BG-IMG: http://jsfiddle.net/vkpuY/ Does anyone know what is causing this problem and how to fix it? If it is not possible to fix while using DIV, is there another way to do this? Thanks you so much!

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  • How do I pass vertex and color positions to OpenGL shaders?

    - by smoth190
    I've been trying to get this to work for the past two days, telling myself I wouldn't ask for help. I think you can see where that got me... I thought I'd try my hand at a little OpenGL, because DirectX is complex and depressing. I picked OpenGL 3.x, because even with my OpenGL 4 graphics card, all my friends don't have that, and I like to let them use my programs. There aren't really any great tutorials for OpenGL 3, most are just "type this and this will happen--the end". I'm trying to just draw a simple triangle, and so far, all I have is a blank screen with my clear color (when I set the draw type to GL_POINTS I just get a black dot). I have no idea what the problem is, so I'll just slap down the code: Here is the function that creates the triangle: void CEntityRenderable::CreateBuffers() { m_vertices = new Vertex3D[3]; m_vertexCount = 3; m_vertices[0].x = -1.0f; m_vertices[0].y = -1.0f; m_vertices[0].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[0].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[0].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[0].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[0].a = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].x = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].y = -1.0f; m_vertices[1].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[1].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[1].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[1].a = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].x = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].y = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[2].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].a = 1.0f; //Create the VAO glGenVertexArrays(1, &m_vaoID); //Bind the VAO glBindVertexArray(m_vaoID); //Create a vertex buffer glGenBuffers(1, &m_vboID); //Bind the buffer glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_vboID); //Set the buffers data glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(m_vertices), m_vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //Set its usage glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex3D), 0); glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_TRUE, sizeof(Vertex3D), (void*)(3*sizeof(float))); //Enable glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); //Check for errors if(glGetError() != GL_NO_ERROR) { Error("Failed to create VBO: %s", gluErrorString(glGetError())); } //Unbind... glBindVertexArray(0); } The Vertex3D struct is as such... struct Vertex3D { Vertex3D() : x(0), y(0), z(0), r(0), g(0), b(0), a(1) {} float x, y, z; float r, g, b, a; }; And finally the render function: void CEntityRenderable::RenderEntity() { //Render... glBindVertexArray(m_vaoID); //Use our attribs glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS, 0, m_vertexCount); glBindVertexArray(0); //unbind OnRender(); } (And yes, I am binding and unbinding the shader. That is just in a different place) I think my problem is that I haven't fully wrapped my mind around this whole VertexAttribArray thing (the only thing I like better in DirectX was input layouts D:). This is my vertex shader: #version 330 //Matrices uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; uniform mat4 viewMatrix; uniform mat4 modelMatrix; //In values layout(location = 0) in vec3 position; layout(location = 1) in vec3 color; //Out values out vec3 frag_color; //Main shader void main(void) { //Position in world gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0); //gl_Position = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix * modelMatrix * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); //No color changes frag_color = color; } As you can see, I've disable the matrices, because that just makes debugging this thing so much harder. I tried to debug using glslDevil, but my program just crashes right before the shaders are created... so I gave up with that. This is my first shot at OpenGL since the good old days of LWJGL, but that was when I didn't even know what a shader was. Thanks for your help :)

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  • Need a good quality bitmap rotation algorithm for Android

    - by Lumis
    I am creating a kaleidoscopic effect on an android tablet. I am using the code below to rotate a slice of an image, but as you can see in the image when rotating a bitmap 60 degrees it distorts it quite a lot (red rectangles) – it is smudging the image! I have set dither and anti-alias flags but it does not help much. I think it is just not a very sophisticated bitmap rotation algorithm. canvas.save(); canvas.rotate(angle, screenW/2, screenH/2); canvas.drawBitmap(picSlice, screenW/2, screenH/2, pOutput); canvas.restore(); So I wonder if you can help me find a better way to rotate a bitmap. It does not have to be fast, because I intend to use a high quality rotation only when I want to save the screen to the SD card - I would redraw the screen in memory before saving. Do you know any comprehensible or replicable algorithm for bitmap rotation that I could programme or use as a library? Or any other suggestion? EDIT: The answers below made me think if Android OS had bilinear or bicubic interpolation option and after some search I found that it does have its own version of it called FilterBitmap. After applying it to my paint pOutput.setFilterBitmap(true); I get much better result

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  • Calculating distance from viewer to object in a shader

    - by Jay
    Good morning, I'm working through creating the spherical billboards technique outlined in this paper. I'm trying to create a shader that calculates the distance from the camera to all objects in the scene and stores the results in a texture. I keep getting either a completely black or white texture. Here are my questions: I assume the position that's automatically sent to the vertex shader from ogre is in object space? The gpu interpolates the output position from the vertex shader when it sends it to the fragment shader. Does it do the same for my depth calculation or do I need to move that calculation to the fragment shader? Is there a way to debug shaders? I have no errors but I'm not sure I'm getting my parameters passed into the shaders correctly. Here's my shader code: void DepthVertexShader( float4 position : POSITION, uniform float4x4 worldViewProjMatrix, uniform float3 eyePosition, out float4 outPosition : POSITION, out float Depth ) { // position is in object space // outPosition is in camera space outPosition = mul( worldViewProjMatrix, position ); // calculate distance from camera to vertex Depth = length( eyePosition - position ); } void DepthFragmentShader( float Depth : TEXCOORD0, uniform float fNear, uniform float fFar, out float4 outColor : COLOR ) { // clamp output using clip planes float fColor = 1.0 - smoothstep( fNear, fFar, Depth ); outColor = float4( fColor, fColor, fColor, 1.0 ); } fNear is the near clip plane for the scene fFar is the far clip plane for the scene

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  • How can I read a portion of one Minecraft world file and write it into another?

    - by RapierMother
    I'm looking to read block data from one Minecraft world and write the data into certain places in another. I have a Minecraft world, let's say "TemplateWorld", and a 2D list of Point objects. I'm developing an application that should use the x and y values of these Points as x and z reference coordinates from which to read constant-sized areas of blocks from the TemplateWorld. It should then write these blocks into another Minecraft world at constant y coordinates, with x & z coordinates determined based on each Point's index in the 2D list. The issue is that, while I've found a decent amount of information online regarding Minecraft world formats, I haven't found what I really need: more of a breakdown by hex address of where/what everything is. For example, I could have the TemplateWorld actually be a .schematic file rather than a world; I just need to be able to read the bytes of the file, know that the actual block data starts always at a certain address (or after a certain instance of FF, etc.), and how it's stored. Once I know that, it's easy as pie to just read the bytes and store them.

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  • Viewport.Unproject - Checking if a model intersects a large sprite

    - by Fibericon
    Let's say I have a sprite, drawn like this: spriteBatch.Draw(levelCannons[i].texture, levelCannons[i].position, null, alpha, levelCannons[i].rotation, Vector2.Zero, scale, SpriteEffects.None, 0); Picture levelCannon as being a laser beam that goes across the entire screen. I need to see if my 3d model intersects with the screen space inhabited by the sprite. I managed to dig up Viewport.Unproject, but that seems to only be useful when dealing with a single point in 2d space, rather than an area. What can I do in my case?

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  • Zooming to point of interest

    - by user1010005
    I have the following variables: Point of interest which is the position(x,y) in pixels of the place to focus. Screen width,height which are the dimensions of the window. Zoom level which sets the zoom level of the camera. And this is the code I have so far. void Zoom(int pointOfInterestX,int pointOfInterstY,int screenWidth, int screenHeight,int zoomLevel) { glTranslatef( (pointOfInterestX/2 - screenWidth/2), (pointOfInterestY/2 - screenHeight/2),0); glScalef(zoomLevel,zoomLevel,zoomLevel); } And I want to do zoom in/out but keep the point of interest in the middle of the screen. but so far all of my attempts have failed and I would like to ask for some help.

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  • Nice function for "rolling score up"?

    - by bobobobo
    I'm adding to the player's score, and I'm using a per-frame formula like: int score, displayedScore ;// score is ACTUAL score player has, // displayedScore is what is shown this frame to the player // (the creeping/"rolling" number) float disparity = score - displayedScore ; int d = disparity * .1f ; // add 1/10 of the difference, if( !d ) d = signum( disparity ) ; // last 10 go by 1's score += d ; Where inline int signum( float val ){ if( val > 0 ) return 1 ; else if( val < 0 ) return -1 ; else return 0 ; } So, it kind of works where it makes big changes rapidly, then it creeps in the last few one at a time. But I'm looking for better (or possibly well known?) score-creeping functions. Any one?

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  • Transform 3d viewport vector to 2d vector

    - by learning_sam
    I am playing around with 3d transformations and came along an issue. I have a 3d vector already within the viewport and need to transform it to a 2d vector. (let's say my screen is 10x10) Does that just straight works like regualar transformation or is something different here? i.e.: I have the vector a = (2, 1, 0) within the viewport and want the 2d vector. Does that works like this and if yes how do I handle the "0" within the 3rd component?

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  • Pre baked fractures and explosion : I need an answer for C++

    - by Ken
    What are the prebaked or precomputed explosions or fractures from a programmer viewpoint ? I would like to know how to achieve this in C++ and how this things are usually considered (they are animations? textures?), it would be perfect if there will be some examples available or someone that can picture a broad view about this. I need to add a really small support for this in my code and i need an hint about how to start, i would like to do this on my own without other libraries.

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  • How should I choose quadtree depth?

    - by Evpok
    I'm using a quadtree to prune collision detection pairs in a 2d world. How should I choose to what depth said quadtree is calculated? The world is made mostly of moving objects1, so the cost of dispatching the objects between the quadtree cells matters. What is the relationship between the gain from less collision checking and the loss from more dispatching? How can I strike a balance that performs optimally? 1 To be completely explicit, they are autonomous self-replicating cells competing for food sources. This is an attempt to show my pupils predator-prey dynamics and genetic evolution at work.

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  • Can DrawIndexedPrimitives() be used for drawing a loaded model mesh-wise?

    - by Afzal
    I am using DrawIndexedPrimitives() for drawing a loaded 3D model by drawing each mesh part, but this process makes my application very slow. This is perhaps because of a very large number of vertex/index buffer data created in video memory. That is why I am looking for a way to use the same method for each model mesh instead. The problem is that I don't know how I will set the textures of that mesh. Can anyone offer me some guidance?

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  • How does opengl-es 2 assemble primitives?

    - by stephelton
    Two things I'm quite confused about. 1) OpenGL ES 2.0 creates primitives before the vertex shader is invoked. Why, then, does it not automatically provide the vertex shader the position of the vertex? 2) OpenGL ES 2.0 supports glDrawElements(), but it does not support glEnableClientState() or GL_VERTEX_ARRAY, so how can this call possibly be used to construct primitives? NOTE: this is OpenGL ES 2.0, NOT normal OpenGL! Thanks!

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  • How does this circle collision detection math work?

    - by Griffin
    I'm going through the wildbunny blog to learn about collision detection. I'm confused about how the vectors he's talking about come into play. Here's the part that confuses me: p = ||A-B|| – (r1+r2) The two spheres are penetrating by distance p. We would also like the penetration vector so that we can correct the penetration once we discover it. This is the vector that moves both circles to the point where they just touch, correcting the penetration. Importantly it is not only just a vector that does this, it is the only vector which corrects the penetration by moving the minimum amount. This is important because we only want to correct the error, not introduce more by moving too much when we correct, or too little. N = (A-B) / ||A-B|| P = N*p Here we have calculated the normalised vector N between the two centres and the penetration vector P by multiplying our unit direction by the penetration distance. I understand that p is the distance by which the circles penetrate, but I don't get what exactly N and P are. It seems to me N is just the coordinates of the 3rd point of the right trianlge formed by point A and B (A-B) then being divided by the hypotenuse of that triangle or distance between A and B (||A-B||). What's the significance of this? Also, what is the penetration vector used for? It seems to me like a movement that one of the circles would perform to get un-penetrated.

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  • SpriteBatch.Begin() making my model not render correctly

    - by manning18
    I was trying to output some debug information using DrawString when I noticed my model suddenly was being rendered like it was inside-out (like the culling had been disabled or something) and the texture maps weren't applied I commented out the DrawString method until I only had SpriteBatch.Begin() and .End() and that was enough to cause the model rendering corruption - when I commented those calls out the model rendered correctly What could this be a symptom of? I've stripped it down to the barest of code to isolate the problem and this is what I noticed. Draw code below (as stripped down as possible) GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.LightGray); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in TIEAdvanced.Meshes) { foreach (Effect effect in mesh.Effects) { if (effect is BasicEffect) ((BasicEffect)effect).EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); } } spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.DrawString(spriteFont, "Camera Position: " + cameraPosition.ToString(), new Vector2(10, 10), Color.Blue); spriteBatch.End(); GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default; TIEAdvanced.Draw(Matrix.CreateScale(0.025f), viewMatrix, projectionMatrix);

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  • Extracting Frustum Planes (Hartmann & Gribbs method)

    - by DAVco
    I have been grappling with the Hartmann/Gribbs method of extracting the Frustum planes for some time now, with little success. There doesn't appear to be a "definitive" topic or tutorial which combines all the necessary information, so perhaps this can be it First of all, I am attempting to do this in C# (For Playstation Mobile), using OpenGL style Column-Major matrices in a Right-Handed coordinate system but obviously the math will work in any language. My projection matrix has a Near plane at 1.0, Far plane at 1000, FOV of 45.0 and Aspect of 1.7647. I want to get my planes in World-Space, so I build my frustum from the View-Projection Matrix (that's projectionMatrix * viewMatrix). The view Matrix is the inverse of the camera's World-Transform. The problem is; regardless of what I tweak, I can't seem to get a correct frustum. I think that I may be missing something obvious. Focusing on the Near and Far planes for the moment (since they have the most obvious normals when correct), when my camera is positioned looking down the negative z-axis, I get two planes facing in the same direction, rather than opposite directions. If i strafe my camera left and right (while still looking along the z axis) the x value of the normal vector changes. Obviously, something is fundamentally wrong here; I just can't figure out what - maybe someone here can?

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  • Given a start and end point, how can I constrain the end point so the resulting line segment is horizontal, vertical, or 45 degrees?

    - by GloryFish
    I have a grid of letters. The player clicks on a letter and drags out a selection. Using Bresenham's Algorithm I can create a line of highlighted letters representing the player's selection. However, what I really want is to have the line segment be constrained to 45 degree angles (as is common for crossword-style games). So, given a start point and an end point, how can I find the line that passes through the start point and is closest to the end point? Bonus: To make things super sweet I'd like to get a list of points in the grid that the line passes through, and for super MEGA bonus points, I'd like to get them in order of selection (i.e. from start point to end point).

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  • Grid Based Lighting in XNA/Monogame

    - by sm81095
    I know that questions like this have been asked many times, but I have not found one exactly like this yes. I have implemented a top-down grid based world in Monogame, and am starting on the lighting system soon. How I want to do lighting is to have a grid that is 4 times wider and higher, basically splitting each world tile into a 4x4 system of "subtiles". I would like to use a flow like system to spread light across the tiles by reducing the light by a small amount each time. This is kind of the effect I was going for: http://i.imgur.com/rv8LCxZ.png The black grid lines are the light grid, and the red lines are the actual tile grid, and the light drop-off is very exaggerated. I plan to render the world by drawing the unlit grid to a separate RenderTarget2D, then rendering the lighting grid to a separate target and overlaying the two. Basically, my questions are: What would be the algorithm for a flow style lighting system like this? Would there be a more efficient way of rendering this? How would I handle the darkening of the light with colors, reducing the RGB values in each grid, or reducing the alpha in each grid, assuming that I render the light map over the grid using blending? Even assuming the former are possible, what BlendState would I use for that?

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  • Why doesn't it seem to be any development in the field of 3D VR gear, especially with regard to gaming?

    - by neuviemeporte
    I remember that way back around 1995, there was this big craze with VR in the media, a whole bunch of (mostly mediocre) games labeled as "virtual-reality-interactive-movie (...)" were published. If I recall correctly, the first 3D VR helmet was called VFX-1 and was sold bundled with Descent and some dedicated joystick. I never owned one, and I read just one review which was mostly enthusiastic, but pointed to some weak points, like the eyes getting tired after an hour or so of playing. Then the whole thing basically flickered down and died. I suppose the main reason it wasn't successful was that the hardware of the day was not powerful enough, the VR gear's design wasn't perfected to make it comfortable and natural to use, and the companies that made it failed to market it successfully. What I can't understand is why isn't there any development in the field today. There is some vr-ish hardware mostly targeted at the consoles (Kinect, Wii remote, TrackIR), but all projects of creating some 3d head-mounted display system seem to be in early infancy, appear once in a trade show somewhere and aren't heard of again. I think it could work great with head tracking and some of today's shooters, flight sims (trackIR is nice but the movement scale translation is awkward) and other games with an FPP POV. Is there any technological reason why decent vr headgear can't be made today, or is it just that nobody really cares/everyone is scared to repeat the '90s failure?

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  • Pathfinding with MicroPather : costs calculations with sectors and portals

    - by Adan
    Hello, I'm considering using micropather to help me with pathfinding. I'm not using a discrete map : I'm working in 2d with sectors and portales. However, I'm just wondering what is the best way to compute costs with this library in this context. Just to be more clear about geometrical shapes I'm using : sectors are basically convex polygons, and portals are segments that lies on sector's edge. Micropather exposes a pure virtual Graph class that you must inherate and overrides 3 functions. I understand how pathfinding works, so there's no problem in overriding those functions. Right now, my implementation give me results, i.e I'm able to find a path in my map, but I'm not sure I'm using an optimal solution. For the AdjacentCost method : I just take the distance between sector's centers as the cost. I think a better solution should be to use the portal between the two sectors, compute its center, and then the cost should be : distance( sector A center, portal center ) + distance ( sector B center, portal center ). I'm pretty sure the approximation I'm using with just sector's center is enough for most cases, but maybe with thin and long sectors that are perpendicular, this approximation could mislead the A* algorithm. For the LeastCostEstimate method : I just take the midpoint of the two sectors. So, as you understand, I'm always working with sectors' centers, and it's working fine. And I'm pretty sure there's a better way to work. Any suggestions or feedbacks? Thanks in advance!

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