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• Electronic circuit simulator four-way flood-filling issues

  - by AJ Weeks

  I've made an electronic circuit board simulator which has simply 3 types of tiles: wires, power sources, and inverters. Wires connect to anything they touch, other than the sides of inverters; inverters have one input side and one output side; and finally power tiles connect in a similar manner as wires. In the case of an infinite loop, caused by the output of the inverter feeding into its input, I want inverters to oscillate (quickly turn on/off). I've attempted to implement a FloodFill algorithm to spread the power throughout the grid, but seem to have gotten something wrong, as only the tiles above the power source get powered (as seen below) I've attempted to debug the program, but have had no luck thus far. My code concerning the updating of power can be seen here.

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• How should I unbind and delete OpenAL buffers?

  - by Joe Wreschnig

  I'm using OpenAL to play sounds. I'm trying to implement a fire-and-forget play function that takes a buffer ID and assigns it to a source from a pool I have previously allocated, and plays it. However, there is a problem with object lifetimes. In OpenGL, delete functions either automatically unbind things (e.g. textures), or automatically deletes the thing when it eventually is unbound (e.g. shaders) and so it's usually easy to manage deletion. However alDeleteBuffers instead simply fails with AL_INVALID_OPERATION if the buffer is still bound to a source. Is there an idiomatic way to "delete" OpenAL buffers that allows them to finish playing, and then automatically unbinds and really them? Do I need to tie buffer management more deeply into the source pool (e.g. deleting a buffer requires checking all the allocated sources also)? Similarly, is there an idiomatic way to unbind (but not delete) buffers when they are finished playing? It would be nice if, when I was looking for a free source, I only needed to see if a buffer was attached at all and not bother checking the source state. (I'm using C++, although approaches for C are also fine. Approaches assuming a GCd language and using finalizers are probably not applicable.)

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• Avoid if statements in DirectX 10 shaders?

  - by PolGraphic

  I have heard that if statements should be avoid in shaders, because both parts of the statements will be execute, and than the wrong will be dropped (which harms the performance). It's still a problem in DirectX 10? Somebody told me, that in it only the right branch will be execute. For the illustration I have the code: float y1 = 5; float y2 = 6; float b1 = 2; float b2 = 3; if(x>0.5){ x = 10 * y1 + b1; }else{ x = 10 * y2 + b2; } Is there an other way to make it faster? If so, how do it? Both branches looks similar, the only difference is the values of "constants" (y1, y2, b1, b2 are the same for all pixels in Pixel Shader).

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• How to apply Data Oriented Design with Object Oriented Programming?

  - by Pombal

  I've read lots of articles about Data Oriented Design (DOD) and I understand it but I can't design an Object Oriented Programming (OOP) system with DOD in mind, I think my OOP education is blocking me. How should I think to mix the two? The objective is to have a nice OOP interface while using DOD behind the scenes. I saw this too but didn't help much: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3872354/how-to-apply-dop-and-keep-a-nice-user-interface

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• Examples of interesting implementations of character stats?

  - by Tchalvak

  I've got this BBG going ( http://ninjawars.net ), and the character stats currently are simplistic. I'm looking to add a few stats to the current 1/2 (strength and maximum hitpoints, essentially). I've come up with: (strength (unchanged), speed, stamina, and some others that are somewhat interesting wildcard stats). However, I'm not satisfied with how boring the effects of some of these stats are, because they're very linear. Better stat, better effects of the stat, but the stats don't interact with each-other, there's no Rock-Paper-Scissors interaction, having more is always better all the time. So what I'd really like is to see examples of interesting character stats or effects of stats? Examples that I can think of off hand: Call of Cthulu's Insanity stat (things get really weird/chaotic if you start losing sanity) White Wolf stats, to a certain extent (the stats themselves have some basic effects, and all skills effectiveness base themselves off of stats as well) What are some other ways people have used stats to check out?

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• How can I test if an oriented rectangle contains another oriented rectangle?

  - by gronzzz

  I have the following situation: To detect whether is the red rectangle is inside orange area I use this function: - (BOOL)isTile:(CGPoint)tile insideCustomAreaMin:(CGPoint)min max:(CGPoint)max { if ((tile.x < min.x) || (tile.x > max.x) || (tile.y < min.y) || (tile.y > max.y)) { NSLog(@" Object is out of custom area! "); return NO; } return YES; } But what if I need to detect whether the red tile is inside of the blue rectangle? I wrote this function which uses the world position: - (BOOL)isTileInsidePlayableArea:(CGPoint)tile { // get world positions from tiles CGPoint rt = [[CoordinateFunctions shared] worldFromTile:ccp(24, 0)]; CGPoint lb = [[CoordinateFunctions shared] worldFromTile:ccp(24, 48)]; CGPoint worldTile = [[CoordinateFunctions shared] worldFromTile:tile]; return [self isTile:worldTile insideCustomAreaMin:ccp(lb.x, lb.y) max:ccp(rt.x, rt.y)]; } How could I do this without converting to the global position of the tiles?

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• CSM DX11 issues

  - by KaiserJohaan

  I got CSM to work in OpenGL, and now Im trying to do the same in directx. I'm using the same math library and all and I'm pretty much using the alghorithm straight off. I am using right-handed, column major matrices from GLM. The light is looking (-1, -1, -1). The problem I have is twofolds; For some reason, the ground floor is causing alot of (false) shadow artifacts, like the vast shadowed area you see. I confirmed this when I disabled the ground for the depth pass, but thats a hack more than anything else The shadows are inverted compared to the shadowmap. If you squint you can see the chairs shadows should be mirrored instead. This is the first cascade shadow map, in range of the alien and the chair: I can't figure out why this is. This is the depth pass: for (uint32_t cascadeIndex = 0; cascadeIndex < NUM_SHADOWMAP_CASCADES; cascadeIndex++) { mShadowmap.BindDepthView(context, cascadeIndex); CameraFrustrum cameraFrustrum = CalculateCameraFrustrum(degreesFOV, aspectRatio, nearDistArr[cascadeIndex], farDistArr[cascadeIndex], cameraViewMatrix); lightVPMatrices[cascadeIndex] = CreateDirLightVPMatrix(cameraFrustrum, lightDir); mVertexTransformPass.RenderMeshes(context, renderQueue, meshes, lightVPMatrices[cascadeIndex]); lightVPMatrices[cascadeIndex] = gBiasMatrix * lightVPMatrices[cascadeIndex]; farDistArr[cascadeIndex] = -farDistArr[cascadeIndex]; } CameraFrustrum CalculateCameraFrustrum(const float fovDegrees, const float aspectRatio, const float minDist, const float maxDist, const Mat4& cameraViewMatrix) { CameraFrustrum ret = { Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), }; const Mat4 perspectiveMatrix = PerspectiveMatrixFov(fovDegrees, aspectRatio, minDist, maxDist); const Mat4 invMVP = glm::inverse(perspectiveMatrix * cameraViewMatrix); for (Vec4& corner : ret) { corner = invMVP * corner; corner /= corner.w; } return ret; } Mat4 CreateDirLightVPMatrix(const CameraFrustrum& cameraFrustrum, const Vec3& lightDir) { Mat4 lightViewMatrix = glm::lookAt(Vec3(0.0f), -glm::normalize(lightDir), Vec3(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f)); Vec4 transf = lightViewMatrix * cameraFrustrum[0]; float maxZ = transf.z, minZ = transf.z; float maxX = transf.x, minX = transf.x; float maxY = transf.y, minY = transf.y; for (uint32_t i = 1; i < 8; i++) { transf = lightViewMatrix * cameraFrustrum[i]; if (transf.z > maxZ) maxZ = transf.z; if (transf.z < minZ) minZ = transf.z; if (transf.x > maxX) maxX = transf.x; if (transf.x < minX) minX = transf.x; if (transf.y > maxY) maxY = transf.y; if (transf.y < minY) minY = transf.y; } Mat4 viewMatrix(lightViewMatrix); viewMatrix[3][0] = -(minX + maxX) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[3][1] = -(minY + maxY) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[3][2] = -(minZ + maxZ) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[0][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[1][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[2][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[3][3] = 1.0f; Vec3 halfExtents((maxX - minX) * 0.5, (maxY - minY) * 0.5, (maxZ - minZ) * 0.5); return OrthographicMatrix(-halfExtents.x, halfExtents.x, -halfExtents.y, halfExtents.y, halfExtents.z, -halfExtents.z) * viewMatrix; } And this is the pixel shader used for the lighting stage: #define DEPTH_BIAS 0.0005 #define NUM_CASCADES 4 cbuffer DirectionalLightConstants : register(CBUFFER_REGISTER_PIXEL) { float4x4 gSplitVPMatrices[NUM_CASCADES]; float4x4 gCameraViewMatrix; float4 gSplitDistances; float4 gLightColor; float4 gLightDirection; }; Texture2D gPositionTexture : register(TEXTURE_REGISTER_POSITION); Texture2D gDiffuseTexture : register(TEXTURE_REGISTER_DIFFUSE); Texture2D gNormalTexture : register(TEXTURE_REGISTER_NORMAL); Texture2DArray gShadowmap : register(TEXTURE_REGISTER_DEPTH); SamplerComparisonState gShadowmapSampler : register(SAMPLER_REGISTER_DEPTH); float4 ps_main(float4 position : SV_Position) : SV_Target0 { float4 worldPos = gPositionTexture[uint2(position.xy)]; float4 diffuse = gDiffuseTexture[uint2(position.xy)]; float4 normal = gNormalTexture[uint2(position.xy)]; float4 camPos = mul(gCameraViewMatrix, worldPos); uint index = 3; if (camPos.z > gSplitDistances.x) index = 0; else if (camPos.z > gSplitDistances.y) index = 1; else if (camPos.z > gSplitDistances.z) index = 2; float3 projCoords = (float3)mul(gSplitVPMatrices[index], worldPos); float viewDepth = projCoords.z - DEPTH_BIAS; projCoords.z = float(index); float visibilty = gShadowmap.SampleCmpLevelZero(gShadowmapSampler, projCoords, viewDepth); float angleNormal = clamp(dot(normal, gLightDirection), 0, 1); return visibilty * diffuse * angleNormal * gLightColor; } As you can see I am using depth bias and a bias matrix. Any hints on why this behaves so wierdly?

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• How to position a sprite in a 2D animation skeleton?

  - by Paul Manta

  Given two joints that define a bone, I would like to know how to decide where, between those two joints, I should draw the sprite. This should be a fairly simple thing to solve, but there is one thing that I am not sure about. After I've determined the rotation of the sprite (which is the absolute angle the joints form with the x-axis), I also need to determine the origin point from where I need to start drawing the transformed image. So how should I position the sprite between the two joints? Should I make the center of the image be the midpoint between the two joints, or should I make one the of the joints be the origin? Do these things matter that much (could the wrong positioning make the sprite move oddly during the animation)?

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• Why aren't tangent space normal maps completely blue?

  - by seahorse

  Why aren't normal maps just blue? I would think that normal maps should be predominantly blue in color because the Z component of the normal is represented by blue. Normals point out of the surface in the Z direction so we should see blue as the predominant colour since the Z component is dominant. By definition tangent space is perpendicular to the surface. At any point we should have the normal always pointing in the Z (blue direction) with no X (red direction) or Y (green direction). Thus the normal map (since it is a "normal map") should have the colour of the normals which is just blue (R = x = 0, G = y = 0, B = z = 1) with no shades in between. But normal maps are not so, and they have gradients of shades in them. Why is this so?

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• Unity: Assigning a key to perform an action in the inspector

  - by Marc Pilgaard

  I am trying to write a simple piece of code in JavaScript where a button toggles the activation of a shield, by dragging a prefab with Resources.load("ActivateShieldPreFab") and destroying it again (Haven't implemented that yet). I wish to assign this button through the inspector, so I have created a string variable which appears as intended in the inspector. Though it doesn't seem to register the inspector input, even though I changed the value through the inspector. It only provides the error: "Input Key named: is unknown" When the button name is assigned within the code, there is no issues. Code as follows: var ShieldOn = false; var stringbutton : String; function Start(){ } function Update () { if(Input.GetKey(stringbutton) && ShieldOn != true) { Instantiate(Resources.load("ActivateShieldPreFab"), Vector3 (0, 0, 0), Quaternion.identity); ShieldOn = true; } }

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• XNA Quadtree with LOD

  - by Byron Cobb

  I'm looking to create a fairly large environment, and as such would like to implement a quadtree and use LOD on it. I've looked through numerous examples and I get the basic idea of a quadtree. Start with a root node with 4 vertices covering the whole map and divide into 4 children nodes until I meet some criteria(max number of triangles) I'm looking for some very very basic algorithm or explanation with respect to drawing the quadtree. What vertices need to be stored per iteration? When do I determine what vertices to draw? When to update indices and vertices? Hope to integrate the bounding frustrum? Do I include parent and child vertices? I'm looking for very simple instruction on what to do. I've scoured the internet for days now looking, but everyone adds extra code and a different spin without explanation. I understand quadtrees, but not with respect to 3d rendering and lod. A link to an outside source will probably have been read by myself already and won't help. Regards, Byron.

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• Strange mesh import problem with Assimp and OpenGL

  - by Morgan

  Using the assimp library for importing 3D data into an OpenGL application. I get some strange problems regarding indexing of the vertices: If I use the following code for importing vertex indices: for (unsigned int t = 0; t < mesh->mNumFaces; ++t) { const struct aiFace * face = &mesh->mFaces[t]; if (face->mNumIndices == 3) { indices->push_back(face->mIndices[0]); indices->push_back(face->mIndices[1]); indices->push_back(face->mIndices[2]); } } I get the following result: Instead, if I use the following code: for(int k = 0; k < 2 ; k++) { for (unsigned int t = 0; t < mesh->mNumFaces; ++t) { const struct aiFace * face = &mesh->mFaces[t]; if (face->mNumIndices == 3) { indices->push_back(face->mIndices[0]); indices->push_back(face->mIndices[1]); indices->push_back(face->mIndices[2]); } } } I get the correct result: Hence adding the indices twice, renders the correct result? The OpenGL buffer is populated, like so: glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices->size() * sizeof(unsigned int), indices->data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW); And rendered as follows: glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, vertexCount*3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indices->data());

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• How important is Programming for a Level Designer?

  - by WryGrin

  I'm currently attending school in a Level Design program, and I was wondering how important programming really is in being a Level Designer? I'm apparently incapable of learning programming (despite my best efforts), and tend to do very well in all other courses 3D modelling, story/character design, narrative and dialogue writing, environmental and conceptual design etc. I'm wondering if my strengths in the other areas are enough (with practice) to let me become a Level Designer, or I'm wasting my time if I can't program? I really want to be a Designer, but I just can't seem to wrap my head around the "language" of programming in general (Java kicks my teeth in even with tutoring and additional work on my own).

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• First Person Camera strafing at angle

  - by Linkandzelda

  I have a simple camera class working in directx 11 allowing moving forward and rotating left and right. I'm trying to implement strafing into it but having some problems. The strafing works when there's no camera rotation, so when the camera starts at 0, 0, 0. But after rotating the camera in either direction it seems to strafe at an angle or inverted or just some odd stuff. Here is a video uploaded to Dropbox showing this behavior. https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/2873587/IncorrectStrafing.mp4 And here is my camera class. I have a hunch that it's related to the calculation for camera position. I tried various different calculations in strafe and they all seem to follow the same pattern and same behavior. Also the m_camera_rotation represents the Y rotation, as pitching isn't implemented yet. #include "camera.h" camera::camera(float x, float y, float z, float initial_rotation) { m_x = x; m_y = y; m_z = z; m_camera_rotation = initial_rotation; updateDXZ(); } camera::~camera(void) { } void camera::updateDXZ() { m_dx = sin(m_camera_rotation * (XM_PI/180.0)); m_dz = cos(m_camera_rotation * (XM_PI/180.0)); } void camera::Rotate(float amount) { m_camera_rotation += amount; updateDXZ(); } void camera::Forward(float step) { m_x += step * m_dx; m_z += step * m_dz; } void camera::strafe(float amount) { float yaw = (XM_PI/180.0) * m_camera_rotation; m_x += cosf( yaw ) * amount; m_z += sinf( yaw ) * amount; } XMMATRIX camera::getViewMatrix() { updatePosition(); return XMMatrixLookAtLH(m_position, m_lookat, m_up); } void camera::updatePosition() { m_position = XMVectorSet(m_x, m_y, m_z, 0.0); m_lookat = XMVectorSet(m_x + m_dx, m_y, m_z + m_dz, 0.0); m_up = XMVectorSet(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); }

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• Making XNA Play Nice With 3DS Max, Boundiing Spheres

  - by Jason R. Mick

  I'm using 3DS Max 2010 with the KW x-porter plugin, which outputs a .X file (just downloaded the very latest version). Been getting some odd results: http://www.picvalley.net/u/2930/2265240220441812321333990933PAStFeSONWQslOrMQC5q.PNG Looks like the culling is screwed up. Note, that models I make in Milkshape don't seem to be having these problems. I've also tried to export an FBX file from 3DS Max 2010 and have been getting similar results. What are your suggestions in terms of exporting *.3DS models to a workable XNA form? What tools do you use?. To be clear, the model in question has none of these defects when viewed from similar angles in 3DS Max 2010. http://www.picvalley.net/u/2563/151728957814855401111333991302mSvEJ03Zv22GwHFgIhiV.PNG Any ideas on this oddity would also be appreciated! Edit 1 -- Add'l issue Forgot to mention, that the model otherwise seems alright, but that rotation seems to double -- in other words, when I scroll my camera view left to right, the model (whose draw I give the camera for the view and perspective matrices w/ BasicEffect seems to rotate twice as much as models I draw natively in XNA

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• Mobile 3D engine renders alpha as full-object transparency

  - by Nils Munch

  I am running a iOS project using the isgl3d framework for showing pod files. I have a stylish car with 0.5 alpha windows, that I wish to render on a camera background, seeking some augmented reality goodness. The alpha on the windows looks okay, but when I add the object, I notice that it renders the entire object transparently, where the windows are. Including interior of the car. Like so (in example, keyboard can be seen through the dashboard, seats and so on. should be solid) The car interior is a seperate object with alpha 1.0. I would rather not show a "ghost car" in my project, but I haven't found a way around this. Have anyone encountered the same issue, and eventually reached a solution ?

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• Team matchups for Dota Bot

  - by Dan

  I have a ghost++ bot that hosts games of Dota (a warcraft 3 map that is played 5 players versus 5 players) and I'm trying to come up with good formulas to balance the players going into a match based on their records (I have game history for several thousand games). I'm familear with some of the concepts required to match up players, like confidence based on sample size of the number of games they played, and also perameter approximation and degrees of freedom and thus throwing out any variables that don't contribute enough to the r^2. My bot collects quite a few variables for each player from each game: The Important ones: Win/Lose/Game did not finish # of Player Kills # of Player Deaths # of Kills player assisted The not so important ones: # of enemy creep kills # of creep sneak attacks # of neutral creep kills # of Tower kills # of Rax kills # of courier kills Quick explination: The kills/deaths don't determine who wins, but the gold gained and lost from this usually is enough to tilt the game. Tower/Rax kills are what the goal of the game is (once a team looses all their towers/rax their thrown can be attacked if that is destroyed they lose), but I don't really count these as important because it is pretty random who gets the credit for the tower kill, and chances are if you destroy a tower it is only because some other player is doing well and distracting the otherteam elsewhere on the map. I'm getting a bit confused when trying to deal with the fact that 5 players are on a team, so ultimately each individual isn't that responsible for the team winner or losing. Take a player that is really good at killing and has 40 kills and only 10 deaths, but in their 5 games they've only won 1. Should I give him extra credit for such a high kill score despite losing? (When losing it is hard to keep a positive kill/death ratio) Or should I dock him for losing assuming that despite the nice kill/death ratio he probably plays in a really greedy way only looking out for himself and not helping the team? Ultimately I don't think I have to guess at questions like this because I have so much data... but I don't really know how to look at the data to answer questions like this. Can anyone help me come up with formulas to help team balance and predict the outcome? Thanks, Dan

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• Why are my 3ds Max .fbx exports huge?

  - by abracadabra1980

  I've made an animation in 3ds Max and want to export it to .fbx and import it into Unity. I've done this once without problems. But this time, my .max file is 2,8MB and my .fbx file came out a huge 630MB! There's nothing wrong with my model: I exported it from a Blender model (to .fbx) and imported it to 3ds max (converted it to an editable poly) to do my rigging and animation. As soon as I import some .bip animations, I get these huge files. Is there a safe way to get smaller file sizes? I don't mind redoing the rigging if I can solve this.

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• Dynamic Environment Creation

  - by Jack

  I was wondering, I'm thinking on a more small-scale, abstracted level, but how does one create a dynamic environment a la Minecraft? In specific, I'm thinking of the world as a 3 dimensional array of block objects, how is it made so that large features such as oceans are created? The language isn't important, I'm thinking on a conceptual level, but if it helps, I use C# or C++. Thanks for any help!

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• Pitch camera around model

  - by ChocoMan

  Currently, my camera rotates with my model's Y-Axis (yaw) perfectly. What I'm having trouble with is rotating the X-Axis (pitch) along with it. I've tried the same method for cameraYaw() in the form of cameraPitch(), while adjusting the axis to Vector.Right, but the camera wouldn't pitch at all in accordance to the Y-Axes of the controller. Is there a way similar to this to get the same effect for pitching the camera around the model? // Rotates model on its own Y-axis public void modelRotMovement(GamePadState pController) { Yaw = pController.ThumbSticks.Right.X * MathHelper.ToRadians(speedAngleMAX); AddRotation = Quaternion.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(Yaw, 0, 0); ModelLoad.MRotation *= AddRotation; MOrientation = Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(ModelLoad.MRotation); } // Orbit (yaw) Camera around model public void cameraYaw(Vector3 axis, float yaw, float pitch) { Pitch = pController.ThumbSticks.Right.Y * MathHelper.ToRadians(speedAngleMAX); ModelLoad.CameraPos = Vector3.Transform(ModelLoad.CameraPos - ModelLoad.camTarget, Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(axis, yaw)) + ModelLoad.camTarget; } public void updateCamera() { cameraYaw(Vector3.Up, Yaw); }

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• Strange if-else branching behavior in a fragment shader

  - by Winged

  In my fragment shader I have passed an uniform int uLightType variable, which indicates what type of light is in usage right now. The problem is that if-else branching does not work correctly - the fragment shader performs instructions in every if statement block. if (uLightType == 1) { // Spotlight light type vec3 depthTextureCoord = vDepthPosition.xyz / vDepthPosition.w; shadowDepth = unpack(texture2D(uDepthMapSampler, depthTextureCoord.xy)); } else if (uLightType == 2) { // Omni-directional light type shadowDepth = unpack(textureCube(uDepthCubemapSampler, -lightVec)); } In the case when uLightType equals 1, unless I comment out the content of the second if block, it assigns an another value to shadowDepth. Also while uLightType equals 1, when I remove the second 'if' block and change == to != like in the sample code below, nothing happens (which means that uLightType really equals 1). if (uLightType != 1) { // Spotlight light type vec3 depthTextureCoord = vDepthPosition.xyz / vDepthPosition.w; shadowDepth = unpack(texture2D(uDepthMapSampler, depthTextureCoord.xy)); } Also, when I manually create an int variable (which is not an uniform) like this: var lightType = 1; and replace uLightType with it in the if-else branch, everything works fine, so I guess it have something to do with the fact that uLightType is the uniform.

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• Only draw visible objects to the camera in 2D

  - by Deukalion

  I have Map, each map has an array of Ground, each Ground consists of an array of VertexPositionTexture and a texture name reference so it renders a texture at these points (as a shape through triangulation). Now when I render my map I only want to get a list of all objects that are visible in the camera. (So I won't loop through more than I have to) Structs: public struct Map { public Ground[] Ground { get; set; } } public struct Ground { public int[] Indexes { get; set; } public VertexPositionNormalTexture[] Points { get; set; } public Vector3 TopLeft { get; set; } public Vector3 TopRight { get; set; } public Vector3 BottomLeft { get; set; } public Vector3 BottomRight { get; set; } } public struct RenderBoundaries<T> { public BoundingBox Box; public T Items; } when I load a map: foreach (Ground ground in CurrentMap.Ground) { Boundaries.Add(new RenderBoundaries<Ground>() { Box = BoundingBox.CreateFromPoints(new Vector3[] { ground.TopLeft, ground.TopRight, ground.BottomLeft, ground.BottomRight }), Items = ground }); } TopLeft, TopRight, BottomLeft, BottomRight are simply the locations of each corner that the shape make. A rectangle. When I try to loop through only the objects that are visible I do this in my Draw method: public int Draw(GraphicsDevice device, ICamera camera) { BoundingFrustum frustum = new BoundingFrustum(camera.View * camera.Projection); // Visible count int count = 0; EffectTexture.World = camera.World; EffectTexture.View = camera.View; EffectTexture.Projection = camera.Projection; foreach (EffectPass pass in EffectTexture.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); foreach (RenderBoundaries<Ground> render in Boundaries.Where(m => frustum.Contains(m.Box) != ContainmentType.Disjoint)) { // Draw ground count++; } } return count; } When I try adding just one ground, then moving the camera so the ground is out of frame it still returns 1 which means it still gets draw even though it's not within the camera's view. Am I doing something or wrong or can it be because of my Camera? Any ideas why it doesn't work?

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• Cannot compute wNear and wFar from projection matrix

  - by DeadMG

  I've got the following error from Direct3D when attempting to render in 3D: Direct3D9: (WARN) :Cannot compute WNear and WFar from the supplied projection matrix Direct3D9: (WARN) :Setting wNear to 0.0 and wFar to 1.0 My projection matrix is as follows: D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &Projection, D3DXToRadian(90), (float)GetDimensions().x / (float)GetDimensions().y, NearPlane, FarPlane ); D3DCALL(device->SetTransform( D3DTS_PROJECTION, &Projection )); The NearPlane is 0.1f, the FarPlane is 40.0f, and the dimensions are 1920x1018. This code was working earlier but I appear to have broken it, and I'm not sure where the fault is. Previously I've only encountered it if NearPlane was 0, and Google hasn't suggested any other causes either. Any suggestions?

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• Rendering large and high poly meshes

  - by Aurus

  Consider an huge terrain that has a lot polygons, to render this terrain I thought of following techniques: Using height-map instead of raw meshes: Yes, but I want to create a lot of caves and stuff that simply wont work with height-maps. Using voxels: Yes, but I think that this would be to much since I don't even want to support changing terrain.. Split into multiple chunks and do some sort of LOD with the mesh: Yes, but how would I do that? Tessellation usually creates more detail not less. Precompute the same mesh in lower poly version (like Mudbox does) and depending on the distance it renders one of these meshes: Graphic memory is limited and uploading only the chunks won't solve that problem since the traffic would be too high. IMO the last one sounds really good, but imagine the following process: Upload and render the chunks depending on the current player position. [No problem] Player will walk straight forward Now we maybe have to change on of the low poly chunk with the high poly one So, Remove the low poly chunk and load the high poly chunk [Already to much traffic here, I think] I am not very experienced in graphic programming and maybe the upper process is totally okay but somehow I think it is too much. And how about the disk space it would require.. I think 3 kind of levels would be fine but isn't that also too much? (I am using OpenGL but I don't think that this is important)

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• What is the best Broadphase Interface for moving spheres?

  - by Molmasepic

  As of now I am working on optimizing the performance of the physics and collision, and as of now I am having some slowdowns on my other computers from my main. I have well over 3000 btSphereShape Rigidbodies and 2/3 of them do not move at all, but I am noticing(by the profile below) that collision is taking a bit of time to maneuver. Each sample counts as 0.01 seconds. % cumulative self self total time seconds seconds calls ms/call ms/call name 10.09 0.65 0.65 SphereTriangleDetector::collide(btVector3 const&, btVector3&, btVector3&, float&, float&, float) 7.61 1.14 0.49 btSphereTriangleCollisionAlgorithm::processCollision(btCollisionObject*, btCollisionObject*, btDispatcherInfo const&, btManifoldResult*) 5.59 1.50 0.36 btConvexTriangleCallback::processTriangle(btVector3*, int, int) 5.43 1.85 0.35 btQuantizedBvh::reportAabbOverlappingNodex(btNodeOverlapCallback*, btVector3 const&, btVector3 const&) const 4.97 2.17 0.32 btBvhTriangleMeshShape::processAllTriangles(btTriangleCallback*, btVector3 const&, btVector3 const&) const::MyNodeOverlapCallback::processNode(int, int) 4.19 2.44 0.27 btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolver::resolveSingleConstraintRowGeneric(btRigidBody&, btRigidBody&, btSolverConstraint const&) 4.04 2.70 0.26 btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolver::resolveSingleConstraintRowLowerLimit(btRigidBody&, btRigidBody&, btSolverConstraint const&) 3.73 2.94 0.24 Ogre::OctreeSceneManager::walkOctree(Ogre::OctreeCamera*, Ogre::RenderQueue*, Ogre::Octree*, Ogre::VisibleObjectsBoundsInfo*, bool, bool) 3.42 3.16 0.22 btTriangleShape::getVertex(int, btVector3&) const 2.48 3.32 0.16 Ogre::Frustum::isVisible(Ogre::AxisAlignedBox const&, Ogre::FrustumPlane*) const 2.33 3.47 0.15 1246357 0.00 0.00 Gorilla::Layer::setVisible(bool) 2.33 3.62 0.15 SphereTriangleDetector::getClosestPoints(btDiscreteCollisionDetectorInterface::ClosestPointInput const&, btDiscreteCollisionDetectorInterface::Result&, btIDebugDraw*, bool) 1.86 3.74 0.12 btCollisionDispatcher::findAlgorithm(btCollisionObject*, btCollisionObject*, btPersistentManifold*) 1.86 3.86 0.12 btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolver::setupContactConstraint(btSolverConstraint&, btCollisionObject*, btCollisionObject*, btManifoldPoint&, btContactSolverInfo const&, btVector3&, float&, float&, btVector3&, btVector3&) 1.71 3.97 0.11 btTriangleShape::getEdge(int, btVector3&, btVector3&) const 1.55 4.07 0.10 _Unwind_SjLj_Register 1.55 4.17 0.10 _Unwind_SjLj_Unregister 1.55 4.27 0.10 Ogre::D3D9HardwareVertexBuffer::updateBufferResources(char const*, Ogre::D3D9HardwareVertexBuffer::BufferResources*) 1.40 4.36 0.09 btManifoldResult::addContactPoint(btVector3 const&, btVector3 const&, float) 1.40 4.45 0.09 btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolver::setupFrictionConstraint(btSolverConstraint&, btVector3 const&, btRigidBody*, btRigidBody*, btManifoldPoint&, btVector3 const&, btVector3 const&, btCollisionObject*, btCollisionObject*, float, float, float) 1.24 4.53 0.08 btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolver::convertContact(btPersistentManifold*, btContactSolverInfo const&) 1.09 4.60 0.07 408760 0.00 0.00 Living::MapHide() 1.09 4.67 0.07 btSphereTriangleCollisionAlgorithm::~btSphereTriangleCollisionAlgorithm() 1.09 4.74 0.07 inflate_fast EDIT: Updated to show current Profile. I have only listed the functions using over 1% time from the many functions that are being used. Another thing is that each monster has a certain area that they stay in and are only active when a player is in said area. I was wondering if maybe there is a way to deactivate the non-active monsters from bullet(reactivating once in the area again) or maybe theres a different broadphase interface that I should use. The current BPI is btDbvtBroadphase. EDIT: Here is the Profile on the other computer(the top one is my main) Each sample counts as 0.01 seconds. % cumulative self self total time seconds seconds calls ms/call ms/call name 12.18 1.19 1.19 SphereTriangleDetector::collide(btVector3 const&, btVector3&, btVector3&, float&, float&, float) 6.76 1.85 0.66 btSphereTriangleCollisionAlgorithm::processCollision(btCollisionObject*, btCollisionObject*, btDispatcherInfo const&, btManifoldResult*) 5.83 2.42 0.57 btQuantizedBvh::reportAabbOverlappingNodex(btNodeOverlapCallback*, btVector3 const&, btVector3 const&) const 5.12 2.92 0.50 btConvexTriangleCallback::processTriangle(btVector3*, int, int) 4.61 3.37 0.45 btTriangleShape::getVertex(int, btVector3&) const 4.09 3.77 0.40 _Unwind_SjLj_Register 3.48 4.11 0.34 btBvhTriangleMeshShape::processAllTriangles(btTriangleCallback*, btVector3 const&, btVector3 const&) const::MyNodeOverlapCallback::processNode(int, int) 2.46 4.35 0.24 btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolver::resolveSingleConstraintRowLowerLimit(btRigidBody&, btRigidBody&, btSolverConstraint const&) 2.15 4.56 0.21 _Unwind_SjLj_Unregister 2.15 4.77 0.21 SphereTriangleDetector::getClosestPoints(btDiscreteCollisionDetectorInterface::ClosestPointInput const&, btDiscreteCollisionDetectorInterface::Result&, btIDebugDraw*, bool) 1.84 4.95 0.18 btTriangleShape::getEdge(int, btVector3&, btVector3&) const 1.64 5.11 0.16 btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolver::resolveSingleConstraintRowGeneric(btRigidBody&, btRigidBody&, btSolverConstraint const&) 1.54 5.26 0.15 btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolver::setupContactConstraint(btSolverConstraint&, btCollisionObject*, btCollisionObject*, btManifoldPoint&, btContactSolverInfo const&, btVector3&, float&, float&, btVector3&, btVector3&) 1.43 5.40 0.14 Ogre::D3D9HardwareVertexBuffer::updateBufferResources(char const*, Ogre::D3D9HardwareVertexBuffer::BufferResources*) 1.33 5.53 0.13 btManifoldResult::addContactPoint(btVector3 const&, btVector3 const&, float) 1.13 5.64 0.11 btRigidBody::predictIntegratedTransform(float, btTransform&) 1.13 5.75 0.11 btTriangleIndexVertexArray::getLockedReadOnlyVertexIndexBase(unsigned char const**, int&, PHY_ScalarType&, int&, unsigned char const**, int&, int&, PHY_ScalarType&, int) const 1.02 5.85 0.10 btSphereTriangleCollisionAlgorithm::CreateFunc::CreateCollisionAlgorithm(btCollisionAlgorithmConstructionInfo&, btCollisionObject*, btCollisionObject*) 1.02 5.95 0.10 btSphereTriangleCollisionAlgorithm::btSphereTriangleCollisionAlgorithm(btPersistentManifold*, btCollisionAlgorithmConstructionInfo const&, btCollisionObject*, btCollisionObject*, bool) Edited same as other Profile.

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