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• 3D terrain map with Hexagon Grids (XNA)

  - by Rob

  I'm working on a hobby project (I'm a web/backend developer by day) and I want to create a 3D Tile (terrain) engine. I'm using XNA, but I can use MonoGame, OpenGL, or straight DirectX, so the answer does not have to be XNA specific. I'm more looking for some high level advice on how to approach this problem. I know about creating height maps and such, there are thousands of references out there on the net for that, this is a bit more specific. I'm more concerned with is the approach to get a 3D hexagon tile grid out of my terrain (since the terrain, and all 3d objects, are basically triangles). The first approach I thought about is to basically draw the triangles on the screen in the following order (blue numbers) to give me the triangles for terrain (black triangles) and then make hexes out of the triangles (red hex). http://screencast.com/t/ebrH2g5V This approach seems complicated to me since i'm basically having to draw 4 different types of triangles. The next approach I thought of was to use the existing triangles like I did for a square grid and get my hexes from 6 triangles as follows http://screencast.com/t/w9b7qKzVJtb8 This seems like the easier approach to me since there are only 2 types of triangles (i would have to play with the heights and widths to get a "perfect" hexagon, but the idea is the same. So I'm looking for: 1) Any suggestions on which approach I should take, and why. 2) How would I translate mouse position to a hexagon grid position (especially when moving the camera around), for example in the second image if the mouse pointer were the green circle, how would I determine to highlight that hexagon and then translating that into grid coordinates (assuming it is 0,0)? 3) Any references, articles, books, etc - to get me going in the right direction. Note: I've done hex grid's and mouse-grid coordinate conversion before in 2d. looking for some pointers on how to do the same in 3d. The result I would like to achieve is something similar to the following: http :// www. youtube .com / watch?v=Ri92YkyC3fw (sorry about the youtube link, but it will only let me post 2 links in this post... same rep problem i mention below...) Thanks for any help! P.S. Sorry for not posting the images inline, I apparently don't have enough rep on this stack exchange site.

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• Question about component based design: handling objects interaction

  - by Milo

  I'm not sure how exactly objects do things to other objects in a component based design. Say I have an Obj class. I do: Obj obj; obj.add(new Position()); obj.add(new Physics()); How could I then have another object not only move the ball but have those physics applied. I'm not looking for implementation details but rather abstractly how objects communicate. In an entity based design, you might just have: obj1.emitForceOn(obj2,5.0,0.0,0.0); Any article or explanation to get a better grasp on a component driven design and how to do basic things would be really helpful.

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• Draw order in XNA

  - by Petr Abdulin

  It is possible to set draw order of a DrawableGameComponent by setting DrawOrder property. But is it possible to set draw order of "main" Game class? I have 2 DrawableGameComponents, and Draw method of a main Game class is called first, while I want it to be the last. Should I just mode all "main" draw code to another component and set it DrawOrder? Answer: seems like I'm just confused myself a little. Black on black, that's why I didn't saw it. Main Draw is called last, as expected.

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• Octree subdivision problem

  - by ChaosDev

  Im creating octree manually and want function for effectively divide all nodes and their subnodes - For example - I press button and subnodes divided - press again - all subnodes divided again. Must be like - 1 - 8 - 64. The problem is - i dont understand how organize recursive loops for that. OctreeNode in my unoptimized implementation contain pointers to subnodes(childs),parent,extra vector(contains dublicates of child),generation info and lots of information for drawing. class gOctreeNode { //necessary fields gOctreeNode* FrontBottomLeftNode; gOctreeNode* FrontBottomRightNode; gOctreeNode* FrontTopLeftNode; gOctreeNode* FrontTopRightNode; gOctreeNode* BackBottomLeftNode; gOctreeNode* BackBottomRightNode; gOctreeNode* BackTopLeftNode; gOctreeNode* BackTopRightNode; gOctreeNode* mParentNode; std::vector<gOctreeNode*> m_ChildsVector; UINT mGeneration; bool mSplitted; bool isSplitted(){return m_Splitted;} .... //unnecessary fields }; DivideNode of Octree class fill these fields, set mSplitted to true, and prepare for correctly drawing. Octree contains basic nodes(m_nodes). Basic node can be divided, but now I want recursivly divide already divided basic node with 8 subnodes. So I write this function. void DivideAllChildCells(int ix,int ih,int id) { std::vector<gOctreeNode*> nlist; std::vector<gOctreeNode*> dlist; int index = (ix * m_Height * m_Depth) + (ih * m_Depth) + (id * 1);//get index of specified node gOctreeNode* baseNode = m_nodes[index].get(); nlist.push_back(baseNode->FrontTopLeftNode); nlist.push_back(baseNode->FrontTopRightNode); nlist.push_back(baseNode->FrontBottomLeftNode); nlist.push_back(baseNode->FrontBottomRightNode); nlist.push_back(baseNode->BackBottomLeftNode); nlist.push_back(baseNode->BackBottomRightNode); nlist.push_back(baseNode->BackTopLeftNode); nlist.push_back(baseNode->BackTopRightNode); bool cont = true; UINT d = 0;//additional recursive loop param (?) UINT g = 0;//additional recursive loop param (?) LoopNodes(d,g,nlist,dlist); //Divide resulting nodes for(UINT i = 0; i < dlist.size(); i++) { DivideNode(dlist[i]); } } And now, back to the main question,I present LoopNodes, which must do all work for giving dlist nodes for splitting. void LoopNodes(UINT& od,UINT& og,std::vector<gOctreeNode*>& nlist,std::vector<gOctreeNode*>& dnodes) { //od++;//recursion depth bool f = false; //pass through childs for(UINT i = 0; i < 8; i++) { if(nlist[i]->isSplitted())//if node splitted and have childs { //pass forward through tree for(UINT j = 0; j < 8; j++) { nlist[j] = nlist[j]->m_ChildsVector[j];//set pointers to these childs } LoopNodes(od,og,nlist,dnodes); } else //if no childs { //add to split vector dnodes.push_back(nlist[i]); } } } This version of loop nodes works correctly for 2(or 1?) generations after - this will not divide neightbours nodes, only some corners. I need correct algorithm. Screenshot All I need - is correct version of LoopNodes, which can add all nodes for DivideNode.

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• How do I separate codes with classes?

  - by Trycon

  I have this main class: package javagame; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.SlickException; import org.newdawn.slick.state.BasicGameState; import org.newdawn.slick.state.StateBasedGame; public class tests extends BasicGameState{ public boolean render=false; tests1 test = new tests1(); public tests(int test) { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } @Override public void init(GameContainer arg0, StateBasedGame arg1) throws SlickException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void render(GameContainer arg0, StateBasedGame arg1, Graphics g) throws SlickException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(render==true) { g.drawString("Hello",100,100); } } @Override public void update(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame s, int delta) throws SlickException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub test.render=render; test.update(gc, s, delta); } @Override public int getID() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return 1000; } } and its sub-class: package javagame; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Input; import org.newdawn.slick.state.StateBasedGame; public class tests1 { public boolean render; public void update(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame s, int delta) { Input input = gc.getInput(); if(input.isKeyPressed(Input.KEY_X)) { render=true; } } } I was finding a way to prevent many codes in one class. I'm new to java. When I try running my game, then when I press X, it does not work. How am I suppose to fix that?

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• Logging library for (c++) games

  - by Klaim

  I know a lot of logging libraries but didn't test a lot of them. (GoogleLog, Pantheios, the coming boost::log library...) In games, especially in remote multiplayer and multithreaded games, logging is vital to debugging, even if you remove all logs in the end. Let's say I'm making a PC game (not console) that needs logs (multiplayer and multithreaded and/or multiprocess) and I have good reasons for looking for a library for logging (like, I don't have time or I'm not confident in my ability to write one correctly for my case). Assuming that I need : performance ease of use (allow streaming or formating or something like that) reliable (don't leak or crash!) cross-platform (at least Windows, MacOSX, Linux/Ubuntu) Wich logging library would you recommand? Currently, I think that boost::log is the most flexible one (you can even log to remotely!), but have not good performance. Pantheios is often cited but I don't have comparison points on performance and usage. I've used my own lib for a long time but I know it don't manage multithreading so it's a big problem, even if it's fast enough. Google Log seems interesting, I just need to test it but if you already have compared those libs and more, your advice might be of good use. Games are often performance demanding while complex to debug so it would be good to know logging libraries that, in our specific case, have clear advantages.

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• How to manage drawing loop when changing render targets

  - by George Duckett

  I'm managing my game state by having a base GameScreen class with a Draw method. I then have (basically) a stack of GameScreens that I render. I render the bottom one first, as screens above might not completely cover the ones below. I now have a problem where one GameScreen changes render targets while doing its rendering. Anything the previous screens have drawn to the backbuffer is lost (as XNA emulates what happens on the xbox). I don't want to just set the backbuffer to preserve its contents as I want this to work on the xbox as well as PC. How should I manage this problem? A few ideas I've had: Render every GameScreen to its own render target, then render them all to the backbuffer. Create some kind of RenderAction queue where a game screen (and anything else I guess) could queue something to be rendered to the back buffer. They'd render whatever they wanted to any render target as normal, but if they wanted to render to the backbuffer they'd stick that in a queue which would get processed once all rendertarget rendering was done. Abstract away from render targets and backbuffers and have some way of representing the way graphics flows and transforms between render targets and have something manage/work out the correct rendering order (and render targets) given what rendering process needs as input and what it produces as output. I think each of my ideas have pros and cons and there are probably several other ways of approaching this general problem so I'm interested in finding out what solutions are out there.

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• Trying to figure out SDL pixel manipulation?

  - by NoobScratcher

  Hello so I've found code that plots a pixel in an SDL Screen Surface : void putpixels(int x, int y, int color) { unsigned int *ptr = (unsigned int*)Screen->pixels; int lineoffset = y * (Screen->pitch / 4 ); ptr[lineoffset + x ] = color; } But I have no idea what its actually doing here this is my thoughts. You make an unsigned integer to hold the unsigned int version of pixels then you make another integer to hold the line offset and it equals to multiply by pitch which is then divided by 4 ... Now why am I dividing it by 4 and what is the pitch and why do I multiply it?? Why must I change the lineoffset and add it to the x value then equal it to colors? I'm soo confused.. ;/ I found this function here - http://sol.gfxile.net/gp/ch02.html

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• Efficiency concerning thread granularity

  - by MaelmDev

  Lately, I've been thinking of ways to use multithreading to improve the speed of different parts of a game engine. What confuses me is the appropriate granularity of threads, especially when dealing with single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) tasks. Let's use line-of-sight detection as an example. Each AI actor must be able to detect objects of interest around them and mark them. There are three basic ways to go about this with multithreading: Don't use threading at all. Create a thread for each actor. Create a thread for each actor-object combination. Option 1 is obviously going to be the least efficient method. However, choosing between the next two options is more difficult. Only using one thread per actor is still running through every object in series instead of in parallel. However, are CPU's able to create and join threads in the granularity posed in Option 3 efficiently? It seems like that many calls to the OS could be really slow, and varying enormously between different hardware.

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• Are there any good html 5 mmo design tutorials? [on hold]

  - by Dwight Spencer

  Hey all. I got a rather inspired after playing gaia online's zOMG and wanted to revive an old project idea I've had laying around for a few years now. I'm looking to work with html5 (ie canvas, svg based sprites, & WebGL) to build a graphical web based MUD/MMO. Obviously, this is a new take on an old idea and after searching google I haven't really turned up many good resources. But does anyone have any tutorials or other resources to point me in the right direction?

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• What can make peaceful game successful?

  - by Miro

  Today, the most successful games are action games like FPS, RPG, MMORPG... I'd like to make peaceful game, but i don't know how to attract people. I can make good graphics, but that's not the main thing that makes people like game more that couple of minutes. The content is important. In game styles mentioned in beginning are main content fight, kill others, make from yourself predator/the most powerful creature/player in the game. But what content can attract people in peaceful game?

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• Setting the values of a struct array from JS to GLSL

  - by mikidelux

  I've been trying to make a structure that will contain all the lights of my WebGL app, and I'm having troubles setting up it's values from JS. The structure is as follows: struct Light { vec4 position; vec4 ambient; vec4 diffuse; vec4 specular; vec3 spotDirection; float spotCutOff; float constantAttenuation; float linearAttenuation; float quadraticAttenuation; float spotExponent; float spotLightCosCutOff; }; uniform Light lights[numLights]; After testing LOTS of things I made it work but I'm not happy with the code I wrote: program.uniform.lights = []; program.uniform.lights.push({ position: "", diffuse: "", specular: "", ambient: "", spotDirection: "", spotCutOff: "", constantAttenuation: "", linearAttenuation: "", quadraticAttenuation: "", spotExponent: "", spotLightCosCutOff: "" }); program.uniform.lights[0].position = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "lights[0].position"); program.uniform.lights[0].diffuse = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "lights[0].diffuse"); program.uniform.lights[0].specular = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "lights[0].specular"); program.uniform.lights[0].ambient = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "lights[0].ambient"); ... and so on I'm sorry for making you look at this code, I know it's horrible but I can't find a better way. Is there a standard or recommended way of doing this properly? Can anyone enlighten me?

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• Automatically zoom out the camera to show all players (XNA)

  - by user36159

  I am building a game in XNA that takes place in a rectangular arena. The game is multiplayer and each player may go where they like within the arena. The camera is a persepective camera that looks directly downwards. The camera should be automatically repositioned based on the game state. Currently, the xy position is a weighted sum of the xy positions of important entities. I would like the camera's z position to be calculated from the xy coordinates so that it zooms out to the point where all important entities are visible. My current approach is to: hw = the greatest x distance from the camera to an important entity hh = the greatest y distance from the camera to an important entity Calculate z = max(hw / tan(FoVx), hh / tan(FoVy)) My code seems to almost work as it should, but the resulting z values are always too low by a factor of about 4. Any ideas?

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• PokeMMO. How they do it?

  - by RufioLJ

  Well PokeMMO is a JAVA game project which basically is the original FireRed title for the GBA made online. They know this type of projects don't last long because of the copyrighted material used, but they somehow made their client extract resources from ROMS. So they don't offer any copyrighted material on their download. I wonder what technique they could be using for this? All I know is that they use LWJGL.

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• How to design a leaderboard?

  - by PeterK

  This sounds like an easy thing but when i considering the following Many players Some have played many games and some just started Different type of statistics ...on what information should the actual ranking be based on. I am planning to display the board in a UITableView so there is limited space available per player. However, I am not bound to the UITableView if there is a better solution. This is a quiz game and the information i am currently capturing per player is: #games played totally #games played per game type (current version have only one game type) #questions answered #correct answers Maybe i should include additional information. I have been thinking about having a leaderboard property page where the player can decide on what basis the leaderboard should display information but would like to avoid the complexity in that. However, if that is needed i will do it. Anyone that can give me some advice on how to design the presentation of this would be highly appreciated?

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• Texture errors in CubeMap

  - by shade4159

  I am trying to apply this texture as a cubemap. This is my result: Clearly I am doing something with my texture coordinates, but I cannot for the life of me figure out what. I don't even see a pattern to the texture fragments. They just seem like a jumble of different faces. Can anyone shed some light on this? Vertex shader: #version 400 in vec4 vPosition; in vec3 inTexCoord; smooth out vec3 texCoord; uniform mat4 projMatrix; void main() { texCoord = inTexCoord; gl_Position = projMatrix * vPosition; } My fragment shader: #version 400 smooth in vec3 texCoord; out vec4 fColor; uniform samplerCube textures void main() { fColor = texture(textures,texCoord); } Vertices of cube: point4 worldVerts[8] = { vec4( 15, 15, 15, 1 ), vec4( -15, 15, 15, 1 ), vec4( -15, 15, -15, 1 ), vec4( 15, 15, -15, 1 ), vec4( -15, -15, 15, 1 ), vec4( 15, -15, 15, 1 ), vec4( 15, -15, -15, 1 ), vec4( -15, -15, -15, 1 ) }; Cube rendering: void worldCube(point4* verts, int& Index, point4* points, vec3* texVerts) { quadInv( verts[0], verts[1], verts[2], verts[3], 1, Index, points, texVerts); quadInv( verts[6], verts[3], verts[2], verts[7], 2, Index, points, texVerts); quadInv( verts[4], verts[5], verts[6], verts[7], 3, Index, points, texVerts); quadInv( verts[4], verts[1], verts[0], verts[5], 4, Index, points, texVerts); quadInv( verts[5], verts[0], verts[3], verts[6], 5, Index, points, texVerts); quadInv( verts[4], verts[7], verts[2], verts[1], 6, Index, points, texVerts); } Backface function (since this is the inside of the cube): void quadInv( const point4& a, const point4& b, const point4& c, const point4& d , int& Index, point4* points, vec3* texVerts) { quad( a, d, c, b, Index, points, texVerts, a.to_3(), b.to_3(), c.to_3(), d.to_3()); } And the quad drawing function: void quad( const point4& a, const point4& b, const point4& c, const point4& d, int& Index, point4* points, vec3* texVerts, const vec3& tex_a, const vec3& tex_b, const vec3& tex_c, const vec3& tex_d) { texVerts[Index] = tex_a.normalized(); points[Index] = a; Index++; texVerts[Index] = tex_b.normalized(); points[Index] = b; Index++; texVerts[Index] = tex_c.normalized(); points[Index] = c; Index++; texVerts[Index] = tex_a.normalized(); points[Index] = a; Index++; texVerts[Index] = tex_c.normalized(); points[Index] = c; Index++; texVerts[Index] = tex_d.normalized(); points[Index] = d; Index++; } Edit: I forgot to mention, in the image, the camera is pointed directly at the back face of the cube. You can kind of see the diagonals leading out of the corners, if you squint.

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• circle - rectangle collision in 2D, most efficient way

  - by john smith

  Suppose I have a circle intersecting a rectangle, what is ideally the least cpu intensive way between the two? method A calculate rectangle boundaries loop through all points of the circle and, for each of those, check if inside the rect. method B calculate rectangle boundaries check where the center of the circle is, compared to the rectangle make 9 switch/case statements for the following positions: top, bottom, left, right top left, top right, bottom left, bottom right inside rectangle check only one distance using the circle's radius depending on where the circle happens t be. I know there are other ways that are definitely better than these two, and if could point me a link to them, would be great but, exactly between those two, which one would you consider to be better, regarding both performance and quality/precision? Thanks in advance.

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• Box2d world width and height ratio with screen width and height

  - by Sujith

  I have view, for example GameView which extends SurfaceView . I have integrated Box2D physics in GameView. I have two widths , GameView width, height and Box2D physics world width ,height. I need to get the position of box2d world with the GameView co-ordinates. For example, Total width of screen = 240 Total height of screen = 320 Screen points needed to be mapped onto box2d co-ordinates (x,y) = 127, 139 For this i need to get the max width and height of the Box2d physics world. Is there is any way to get the max width and height of Box2d world. or Can i limit the width and height of box2d world within the screen resolution.

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• How to loop section from a song correctly?

  - by Teflo

  I'm programming a little Music Engine for my game in C# and XNA, and one aspect from it is the possibility to loop a section from a song. For example, my song has an intropart, and when the song reached the end ( or any other specific point ), it jumps back where the intropart is just over. ( A - B - B - B ... ) Now I'm using IrrKlank, which is working perfectly, without any gaps, but I have a problem: The point where to jump back is a bit inaccurate. Here's some example code: public bool Passed(float time) { if ( PlayPosition >= time ) return true; return false; } //somewhere else if( song.Passed( 10.0f ) ) song.JumpTo( 5.0f ); Now the problem is, the song passes the 10 seconds, but play a few milliseconds until 10.1f or so, and then jumps to 5 seconds. It's not that dramatic, but very incorrect for my needs. I tried to fix it like that: public bool Passed( float time ) { if( PlayPosition + 3 * dt >= time && PlayPosition <= time ) return true; return false; } ( dt is the delta time, the elapsed time since the last frame ) But I don't think, that's a good solution for that. I hope, you can understand my problem ( and my english, yay /o/ ) and help me :)

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• Particle and Physics problem.

  - by Quincy

  This was originally a forum post so I hope you guys don't mind it being 2 questions in one. I am making a game and I got some basic physics implemented. I have 2 problems, 1 with particles being drawn in the wrong place and one with going through walls while jumping in corners. Skip over to about 15 sec video showing the 2 problems : http://youtube.com/watch?v=Tm9nfWsWfiM So the problem with the particles seems to be coming from the removal, as soon as I remove that piece of code it instantly works, but there shouldn't be a problem since they shouldn't even draw when their energy gets to 0 (and then they get removed) So my first question is, how are these particles getting warped all over the screen ? Relevant code : Particle class : class Particle { //Physics public Vector2 position = new Vector2(0,0); public float direction = 180; public float speed = 100; public float energy = 1; protected float startEnergy = 1; //Visual public Sprite sprite; public float rotation = 0; public float scale = 1; public byte alpha = 255; public BlendMode blendMode { get { return sprite.BlendMode; } set { sprite.BlendMode = value; } } public Particle() { } public virtual void Think(float frameTime) { if (energy - frameTime < 0) energy = 0; else energy -= frameTime; position += new Vector2((float)Math.Cos(MathHelper.DegToRad(direction)), (float)Math.Sin(MathHelper.DegToRad(direction))) * speed * frameTime; alpha = (byte)(255 * energy / startEnergy); sprite.Rotation = rotation; sprite.Position = position; sprite.Color = new Color(sprite.Color.R, sprite.Color.G, sprite.Color.B, alpha); } public virtual void Draw(float frameTime) { if (energy > 0) { World.camera.DrawSprite(sprite); } } // Basic particle implementation class BasicSprite : Particle { public BasicSprite(Sprite _sprite) { sprite = _sprite; } } Emitter : class Emitter { protected static Random rand = new Random(); protected List<Particle> particles = new List<Particle>(); public BaseEntity target = null; public Vector2 position = new Vector2(0, 0); public bool Active = true; public float timeAlive = 0; public int particleCount = 0; public int ParticlesPerSeccond { get { return (int)(1 / particleSpawnTime); } set { particleSpawnTime = 1 / (float)value; } } public float dieTime = float.MaxValue; float particleSpawnTime = 0.05f; float spawnTime = 0; public Emitter() { } public virtual void Think(float frametime) { spawnTime += frametime; if (dieTime != float.MaxValue) { timeAlive += frametime; if (timeAlive >= dieTime) Active = false; } if (Active) { if (target != null) position = target.Position; while (spawnTime > particleSpawnTime) { spawnTime -= particleSpawnTime; AddParticle(); particleCount++; } } for (int i = 0; i < particles.Count; i++) { particles[i].Think(frametime); if (particles[i].energy <= 0) { particles.Remove(particles[i]); // As soon as this is removed, it works particleCount--; } } } public virtual void AddParticle() { } public virtual void Draw(float frametime) { foreach (Particle particle in particles) { particle.Draw(frametime); } } } class BloodEmitter : Emitter { Image image; public BloodEmitter() { image = new Image(@"Content/Particles/TinyCircle.png"); image.CreateMaskFromColor(new Color(255, 0, 255, 255)); this.dieTime = 0.5f; this.ParticlesPerSeccond = 100; } public override void AddParticle() { Sprite sprite = new Sprite(image); sprite.Color = new Color((byte)(rand.NextDouble() * 255), (byte)(rand.NextDouble() * 255), (byte)(rand.NextDouble() * 255)); BasicSprite particle = new BasicSprite(sprite); particle.direction = (float)rand.NextDouble() * 360; particle.position = position; particle.blendMode = BlendMode.Alpha; particles.Add(particle); } } The seccond problem is the physics problem, for some reason I can get through the right bottom corner while jumping. I think this is coming from me switching animations but I thought I made it compensate for that. Relevant code : PhysicsEntity : class PhysicsEntity : BaseEntity { // Horizontal movement constants protected const float maxHorizontalSpeed = 1000; protected const float horizontalAcceleration = 15; protected const float horizontalDragAir = 0.95f; protected const float horizontalDragGround = 0.95f; // Vertical movement constants protected const float maxVerticalSpeed = 1000; protected const float verticalAcceleration = 20; // Everything needed for movement and correct animations protected float movement = 0; protected bool onGround = false; protected Vector2 Velocity = new Vector2(0, 0); protected float maxSpeed = 0; float lastThink = 0; float thinkTime = 1f/60f; public PhysicsEntity(Vector2 position, Sprite sprite) : base(position, sprite) { } public override void Draw(float frameTime) { base.Draw(frameTime); } public override void Think(float frameTime) { CalculateMovement(frameTime); base.Think(frameTime); } protected void CalculateMovement(float frameTime) { lastThink += frameTime; while (lastThink > thinkTime) { onGround = false; Velocity.X = MathHelper.Clamp(Velocity.X + horizontalAcceleration * movement, -maxHorizontalSpeed, maxHorizontalSpeed); if (onGround) Velocity.X *= horizontalDragGround; else Velocity.X *= horizontalDragAir; if (maxSpeed < Velocity.X) maxSpeed = Velocity.X; Velocity.Y = MathHelper.Clamp(Velocity.Y + verticalAcceleration, -maxVerticalSpeed, maxVerticalSpeed); lastThink -= thinkTime; DoCollisions(thinkTime); DoAnimations(thinkTime); } } public virtual void DoAnimations(float frameTime) { } public void DoCollisions(float frameTime) { Position.Y += Velocity.Y * frameTime; Vector2 tileCollision = GetTileCollision(); if (tileCollision.X != -1 || tileCollision.Y != -1) { Vector2 collisionDepth = CollisionRectangle.DepthIntersection( new Rectangle( tileCollision.X * World.tileEngine.TileWidth, tileCollision.Y * World.tileEngine.TileHeight, World.tileEngine.TileWidth, World.tileEngine.TileHeight ) ); Position.Y += collisionDepth.Y; if (collisionDepth.Y < 0) onGround = true; Velocity.Y = 0; } Position.X += Velocity.X * frameTime; tileCollision = GetTileCollision(); if (tileCollision.X != -1 || tileCollision.Y != -1) { Vector2 collisionDepth = CollisionRectangle.DepthIntersection( new Rectangle( tileCollision.X * World.tileEngine.TileWidth, tileCollision.Y * World.tileEngine.TileHeight, World.tileEngine.TileWidth, World.tileEngine.TileHeight ) ); Position.X += collisionDepth.X; Velocity.X = 0; } } public void DoCollisions(Vector2 difference) { CollisionRectangle.Y = Position.Y - difference.Y; CollisionRectangle.Height += difference.Y; Vector2 tileCollision = GetTileCollision(); if (tileCollision.X != -1 || tileCollision.Y != -1) { Vector2 collisionDepth = CollisionRectangle.DepthIntersection( new Rectangle( tileCollision.X * World.tileEngine.TileWidth, tileCollision.Y * World.tileEngine.TileHeight, World.tileEngine.TileWidth, World.tileEngine.TileHeight ) ); Position.Y += collisionDepth.Y; if (collisionDepth.Y < 0) onGround = true; Velocity.Y = 0; } CollisionRectangle.X = Position.X - difference.X; CollisionRectangle.Width += difference.X; tileCollision = GetTileCollision(); if (tileCollision.X != -1 || tileCollision.Y != -1) { Vector2 collisionDepth = CollisionRectangle.DepthIntersection( new Rectangle( tileCollision.X * World.tileEngine.TileWidth, tileCollision.Y * World.tileEngine.TileHeight, World.tileEngine.TileWidth, World.tileEngine.TileHeight ) ); Position.X += collisionDepth.X; Velocity.X = 0; } } Vector2 GetTileCollision() { int topLeftTileX = (int)(CollisionRectangle.TopLeft.X / World.tileEngine.TileWidth); int topLeftTileY = (int)(CollisionRectangle.TopLeft.Y / World.tileEngine.TileHeight); int BottomRightTileX = (int)(CollisionRectangle.DownRight.X / World.tileEngine.TileWidth); int BottomRightTileY = (int)(CollisionRectangle.DownRight.Y / World.tileEngine.TileHeight); if (CollisionRectangle.DownRight.Y % World.tileEngine.TileHeight == 0) // If your exactly against the tile don't count that as being inside the tile BottomRightTileY -= 1; if (CollisionRectangle.DownRight.X % World.tileEngine.TileWidth == 0) // If your exactly against the tile don't count that as being inside the tile BottomRightTileX -= 1; for (int i = topLeftTileX; i <= BottomRightTileX; i++) { for (int j = topLeftTileY; j <= BottomRightTileY; j++) { if (World.tileEngine.TileIsSolid(i, j)) { return new Vector2(i, j); } } } return new Vector2(-1, -1); } } Player : enum State { Standing, Running, Jumping, Falling, Sliding, WallSlide } class Player : PhysicsEntity { private State state { get { return currentState; } set { if (currentState != value) { currentState = value; animationChanged = true; } } } private State currentState = State.Standing; private BasicEmitter basicEmitter = new BasicEmitter(); public bool flipped; public bool animationChanged = false; protected const float jumpPower = 600; AnimationManager animationManager; Rectangle DrawRectangle; public override Rectangle CollisionRectangle { get { return new Rectangle( Position.X - DrawRectangle.Width / 2f, Position.Y - DrawRectangle.Height / 2f, DrawRectangle.Width, DrawRectangle.Height ); } } public Player(Vector2 position, Sprite sprite) : base(position, sprite) { // Only posted the relevant bit DrawRectangle = animationManager.currentAnimation.drawingRectangle; } public override void Draw(float frameTime) { World.camera.DrawSprite( Sprite, Position + new Vector2(DrawRectangle.X, DrawRectangle.Y), animationManager.currentAnimation.drawingRectangle ); } public override void Think(float frameTime) { //I only posted the relevant stuff if (animationChanged) { // if the animation has changed make sure we compensate for the change in with and height animationChanged = false; DoCollisions(animationManager.getSizeDifference()); } DoCustomMovement(); base.Think(frameTime); if (!onGround && Velocity.Y > 0) { state = State.Falling; } } void DoCustomMovement() { if (onGround) { if (World.renderWindow.Input.IsKeyDown(KeyCode.W)) { Velocity.Y = -jumpPower; state = State.Jumping; } } } public override void DoAnimations(float frameTime) { string stateName = Enum.GetName(typeof(State), state); if (!animationManager.currentAnimationIs(stateName)) { animationManager.PlayAnimation(stateName); } animationManager.Think(frameTime); DrawRectangle = animationManager.currentAnimation.drawingRectangle; Sprite.Center = new Vector2( DrawRectangle.X + DrawRectangle.Width / 2, DrawRectangle.Y + DrawRectangle.Height / 2 ); Sprite.FlipX(flipped); } So why am I warping through walls ? I have given this some thought but I just can't seem to find out why this is happening. Full source if needed : source : http://www.mediafire.com/?rc7ddo09gnr68zd (download link)

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• how to add water effect to an image

  - by brainydexter

  This is what I am trying to achieve: A given image would occupy say 3/4th height of the screen. The remaining 1/4th area would be a reflection of it with some waves (water effect) on it. I'm not sure how to do this. But here's my approach: render the given texture to another texture called mirror texture (maybe FBOs can help me?) invert mirror texture (scale it by -1 along Y) render mirror texture at height = 3/4 of the screen add some sense of noise to it OR using pixel shader and time, put pixel.z = sin(time) to make it wavy (Tech: C++/OpenGL/glsl) Is my approach correct ? Is there a better way to do this ? Also, can someone please recommend me if using FrameBuffer Objects would be the right thing here ? Thanks

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• OUYA and Unity set up problems

  - by Atkobeau

  I'm having trouble with the Unity / OUYA plugin. I'm using Unity 4 with the latest update on a Windows 7 machine. When I open the starter kit and try to compile the plugin I get the following error: Picked up _JAVA_OPTIONS: -Xmx512M And if I try to Build and Run I get this error: Error building Player: ArgumentException: Illegal characters in path. I'm stumped, I've gone through lots of forum posts here and on stackoverflow and I can't seem to resolve it. My environment variables look like this: PATH - C:\Users\dave\Documents\adt-bundle-windows-x86_64-20130219\sdk\tools; C:\Users\dave\Documents\adt-bundle-windows-x86_64-20130219\sdk\platform-tools\ JAVA_HOME - C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_45\ Everything in the OUYA Panel is white Any ideas?

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• How to update off screen bitmap in a surfaceview thread

  - by DKDiveDude

  I have a Surfaceview thread and an off canvas texture bitmap that is being generated (changed), first row (line), every frame and then copied one position (line) down on regular surfaceview bitmap to make a scrolling effect, and I then continue to draw other things on top of that. Well that is what I really want, however I can't get it to work even though I am creating a separate canvas for off screen bitmap. It is just not scrolling at all. I other words I have a memory bitmap, same size as Surfaceview canvas, which I need to scroll (shift) down one line every frame, and then replace top line with new random texture, and then draw that on regular Surfaceview canvas. Here is what I thought would work; My surfaceChanged where I specify bitmap and canvasses and start thread: @Override public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { intSurfaceWidth = mSurfaceView.getWidth(); intSurfaceHeight = mSurfaceView.getHeight(); memBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(intSurfaceWidth, intSurfaceHeight, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888); memCanvas = new Canvas(memCanvas); myThread = new MyThread(holder, this); myThread.setRunning(true); blnPause = false; myThread.start(); } My thread, only showing essential middle running part: @Override public void run() { while (running) { c = null; try { // Lock canvas for drawing c = myHolder.lockCanvas(null); synchronized (mSurfaceHolder) { // First draw off screen bitmap to off screen canvas one line down memCanvas.drawBitmap(memBitmap, 0, 1, null); // Create random one line(row) texture bitmap memTexture = Bitmap.createBitmap(imgTexture, 0, rnd.nextInt(intTextureImageHeight), intSurfaceWidth, 1); // Now add this texture bitmap to top of off screen canvas and hopefully bitmap memCanvas.drawBitmap(textureBitmap, intSurfaceWidth, 0, null); // Draw above updated off screen bitmap to regular canvas, at least I thought it would update (save changes) shifting down and add the texture line to off screen bitmap the off screen canvas was pointing to. c.drawBitmap(memBitmap, 0, 0, null); // Other drawing to canvas comes here } finally { // do this in a finally so that if an exception is thrown // during the above, we don't leave the Surface in an // inconsistent state if (c != null) { myHolder.unlockCanvasAndPost(c); } } } } For my game Tunnel Run. Right now I have a working solution where I instead have an array of bitmaps, size of surface height, that I populate with my random texture and then shift down in a loop for each frame. I get 50 frames per second, but I think I can do better by instead scrolling bitmap.

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• How do I know if my game's average game session time is too small?

  - by you786

  My game has only one life, and the aim is to stay alive as long as possible to get as many points as possible (it's an endless runner). Using Google Analytics I found that players are staying alive for an average of 17 seconds. I could easily increase or decrease this by manipulating acceleration or starting speed. The question is, should I change it at all? Is there any research or general ideas on the best playing time for a game like this? I would also like to know about any research about how long an ideal mobile game session should last.

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• GLSL billboard move center of rotation

  - by Jacob Kofoed

  I have successfully set up a billboard shader that works, it can take in a quad and rotate it so it always points toward the screen. I am using this vertex-shader: void main(){ vec4 tmpPos = (MVP * bufferMatrix * vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)) + (MV * vec4( vertexPosition.x * 1.0 * bufferMatrix[0][0], vertexPosition.y * 1.0 * bufferMatrix[1][1], vertexPosition.z * 1.0 * bufferMatrix[2][2], 0.0) ); UV = UVOffset + vertexUV * UVScale; gl_Position = tmpPos; BufferMatrix is the model-matrix, it is an attribute to support Instance-drawing. The problem is best explained through pictures: This is the start position of the camera: And this is the position, looking in from 45 degree to the right: Obviously, as each character is it's own quad, the shader rotates each one around their own center towards the camera. What I in fact want is for them to rotate around a shared center, how would I do this? What I have been trying to do this far is: mat4 translation = mat4(1.0); translation = glm::translate(translation, vec3(pos)*1.f * 2.f); translation = glm::scale(translation, vec3(scale, 1.f)); translation = glm::translate(translation, vec3(anchorPoint - pos) / vec3(scale, 1.f)); Where the translation is the bufferMatrix sent to the shader. What I am trying to do is offset the center, but this might not be possible with a single matrix..? I am interested in a solution that doesn't require CPU calculations each frame, but rather set it up once and then let the shader do the billboard rotation. I realize there's many different solutions, like merging all the quads together, but I would first like to know if the approach with offsetting the center is possible. If it all seems a bit confusing, it's because I'm a little confused myself.

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