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  • backface culling error (in world space)

    - by acrilige
    I write simple software renderer. In my pipeline i have stage of backface culling. But looks like it has some error (see picture). I perform culling right after world transformation (is it correct?). (i can't insert picture in post coz i don't have enough points, so i just upload it (cube model): http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/705/bcerror.png/) Vector3F view_dir(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); std::vector<Triangle> to_remove; for (Triangle &t : m_triangles) { Vector4F e1 = t.v2 - t.v1; Vector4F e2 = t.v3 - t.v1; Vector3F normal( e1.y * e2.z - e1.z * e2.y, e1.z * e2.x - e1.x * e2.z, e1.x * e2.y - e1.y * e2.x ); normal.Normalize(); float dot = Dot(view_dir, normal); if (dot <= 0) to_remove.push_back(t); } for (Triangle& t : to_remove) m_triangles.erase(std::remove(m_triangles.begin(), m_triangles.end(), t), m_triangles.end()); Camera sits in origin and points in screen (RH). What is the reason? For better explanation i upload picture with cube rotation screenshots: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/842/bcmove.png/ UPDATED: The error occurs only when triangle has non-zero offset from origin UPDATED 2: If i process backface culling in clip space (after transforming all vertices with view and projection matrix), and just check z coordinate of triangle normal - it works perfect... Can i perform culing RIGHT BEFORE view/proj transforms? In this case looks like culling will not depends of projection and it's not right?.. UPDATED 3: I found answer and will post it in two hours - again coz of reputation lack.

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  • How are components properly instantiated and used in XNA 4.0?

    - by Christopher Horenstein
    I am creating a simple input component to hold on to actions and key states, and a short history of the last ten or so states. The idea is that everything that is interested in input will ask this component for the latest input, and I am wondering where I should create it. I am also wondering how I should create components that are specific to my game objects - I envision them as variables, but then how do their Update/Draw methods get called? What I'm trying to ask is, what are the best practices for adding components to the proper collections? Right now I've added my input component in the main Game class that XNA creates when everything is first initialized, saying something along the lines of this.Components.Add(new InputComponent(this)), which looks a little odd to me, and I'd still want to hang onto that reference so I can ask it things. An answer to my input component's dilemma is great, but also I'm guessing there is a right way to do this in general in XNA.

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  • Need to make animation whereby the character shatters into a bunch of pieces

    - by theprojectabot
    I would like to take a 3d character model, cut out a bunch of shapes (or a bunch of triangles in the shape of the pieces I want) and then have the pieces separate from each other at the beginning of the animation and fall apart with gravity so it looks like the model is falling apart in shattered pieces. Is there a way to run a script on a mesh, cut out these pieces, instantiate all of them as separate models and then run gravity on them during the simulation?

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  • Hydraulics in game

    - by Mungoid
    I'm not completely sure if this would be better in the Physics site or not as this question is more about how hydraulics should work in game as opposed to how they really work (although that is taken into account) - So I apologize if this is in the wrong place. A project we are on, we have a machine with hydraulics that are powered (They don't just look like they move something, they are the only thing moving/turning/lifting something) - However, the hydraulic extends the same speed no matter what it is pushing. So, say there is a 10 ton object attached to one end of the hydraulic and the other end is attached to a plate on the ground. In real life it takes a few seconds to build up pressure depending on how heavy the object is, but in our project the hydraulics don't care about that. It will lift a 100 ton object the same speed as a 10 ton object. We have a way to fake the hydraulic pressurizing by reducing the 'drive amount' (how fast or slow the hydraulic extends) when we sense that it is touching the ground and that does a relatively decent job but we would like to be able to take other things into account like engine speed, ratios, loads, etc. but we aren't too sure what we need to think about. I'm kinda wondering if anyone here has any experience with this and could offer some suggestions on what to take into account?

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  • Adding 2D vector movement with rotation applied

    - by Michael Zehnich
    I am trying to apply a slight sine wave movement to objects that float around the screen to make them a little more interesting. I would like to apply this to the objects so that they oscillate from side to side, not front to back (so the oscillation does not affect their forward velocity). After reading various threads and tutorials, I have come to the conclusion that I need to create and add vectors, but I simply cannot come up with a solution that works. This is where I'm at right now, in the object's update method (updated based on comments): Vector2 oldPosition = new Vector2(spritePos.X, spritePos.Y); //note: newPosition is initially set in the constructor to spritePos.x/y Vector2 direction = newPosition - oldPosition; Vector2 perpendicular = new Vector2(direction.Y, -direction.X); perpendicular.Normalize(); sinePosAng += 0.1f; perpendicular.X += 2.5f * (float)Math.Sin(sinePosAng); spritePos.X += velocity * (float)Math.Cos(radians); spritePos.Y += velocity * (float)Math.Sin(radians); spritePos += perpendicular; newPosition = spritePos;

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  • Given a start and end point, how can I constrain the end point so the resulting line segment is horizontal, vertical, or 45 degrees?

    - by GloryFish
    I have a grid of letters. The player clicks on a letter and drags out a selection. Using Bresenham's Algorithm I can create a line of highlighted letters representing the player's selection. However, what I really want is to have the line segment be constrained to 45 degree angles (as is common for crossword-style games). So, given a start point and an end point, how can I find the line that passes through the start point and is closest to the end point? Bonus: To make things super sweet I'd like to get a list of points in the grid that the line passes through, and for super MEGA bonus points, I'd like to get them in order of selection (i.e. from start point to end point).

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  • Data structures for a 2D multi-layered and multi-region map?

    - by DevilWithin
    I am working on a 2D world editor and a world format subsequently. If I were to handle the game "world" being created just as a layered set of structures, either in top or side views, it would be considerably simple to do most things. But, since this editor is meant for 3rd parties, I have no clue how big worlds one will want to make and I need to keep in mind that eventually it will become simply too much to check, handling and comparing stuff that are happening completely away from the player position. I know the solution for this is to subdivide my world into sub regions and stream them on the fly, loading and unloading resources and other data. This way I know a virtually infinite game area is achievable. But, while I know theoretically what to do, I really have a few questions I'd hoped to get answered for some hints about the topic. The logic way to handle the regions is some kind of grid, would you pick evenly distributed blocks with equal sizes or would you let the user subdivide areas by taste with irregular sized rectangles? In case of even grids, would you use some kind of block/chunk neighbouring system to check when the player transposes the limit or just put all those in a simple array? Being a region a different data structure than its owner "game world", when streaming a region, would you deliver the objects to the parent structures and track them for unloading later, or retain the objects in each region for a more "hard-limit" approach? Introducing the subdivision approach to the project, and already having a multi layered scene graph structure on place, how would i make it support the new concept? Would you have the parent node have the layers as children, and replicate in each layer node, a node per region? Or the opposite, parent node owns all the regions possible, and each region has multiple layers as children? Or would you just put the region logic outside the graph completely(compatible with the first suggestion in Q.3) When I say virtually infinite worlds, I mean it of course under the contraints of the variable sizes and so on. Using float positions, a HUGE world can already be made. Do you think its sane to think beyond that? Because I think its ok to stick to this limit since it will never be reached so easily.. As for when to stream a region, I'm implementing it as a collection of watcher cameras, which the streaming system works with to know what to load/unload. The problem here is, i will be needing some kind of warps/teleports built in for my game, and there is a chance i will be teleporting a player to a unloaded region far away. How would you approach something like this? Is it sane to load any region to memory which can be teleported to by a warp within a radius from the player? Sorry for the huge question, any answers are helpful!

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  • Frame timing for GLFW versus GLUT

    - by linello
    I need a library which ensures me that the timing between frames are more constant as possible during an experiment of visual psychophics. This is usually done synchronizing the refresh rate of the screen with the main loop. For example if my monitor runs at 60Hz I would like to specify that frequency to my framework. For example if my gameloop is the following void gameloop() { // do some computation printDeltaT(); Flip buffers } I would like to have printed a constant time interval. Is it possible with GLFW?

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  • What is the most secure way to archive a GKScore to be re-submitted later?

    - by Jonathan Sibley
    I'm looking for the safest way to archive and store a GKScore that needs to be re-submitted to Game Center (say, because the user didn't have a network connection at the time the score was earned). I would like to archive the GKScore instance in case the app is terminated before it can be successfully re-submitted to Game Center. My worry is that if it's archived to an instance of NSData and saved in a .plist, it would be easy to manipulate. Perhaps this worry is unjustified? NOTE: I posted a similar question on Stack Overflow only to realize that it's better asked here.

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  • How to perform efficient 2D picking in HTML5?

    - by jSepia
    I'm currently using an R-Tree for both picking and collision testing. Each entity on screen has a bounding box for collisions and a separate one for picking. Since entities may change position very frequently, both trees must be updated/reordered once per frame. While this is very efficient for collisions, because the tree is used in hundreds of collision queries every frame, I'm finding it too costly for picking, because it only gets queried when the user clicks, thus leading to a lot of wasted tree updates. What would be a more efficient way to implement picking without as much overhead?

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  • AndEngine Box2d game

    - by OneMoreVladimir
    I'm developing a 2d survival shooter using Box2d extension and I've got some questions: I have two AnalogOnScreenControls. Their listeners modify both sprites and bodies. I receive TouchEventPool was exhausted and as their number grows the game crashes accidently. I've tried to put the modification of the bodies and sprites on the UpdateThread but that does not solve the problem. What could be the cause? I have a class that at the beginnig of the game loads all the textures. After I relaunch the game activity several times I receive Unable to find Phys Addr for and "green color" interface. But that doesn't happen if I clear the memory manually through the Task Manager before relaunch What could be the cause? I unload my atlas at the end of the game. The game sometimes crashes at start with NullPointerException in onResumeGame. The solution suggested is to set android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize" but my device is API 10 so it doesn't have screenSize property and orientation only does not seem to help, because the game starts in portrait mode at times (though landscape is set in the code)

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  • How to show other characters in online 2D rpg

    - by Loligans
    I have Player 1 and Player 2 I am using Json to send and retrieve player data between the client and the server, but when another player logs in, and is in the same map, how would I send that data to both players to update the graphics engine to show there are 2 Players on the map? About my game it is a 2D RPG tile based game it is 24x15 Tiles it is Real time Action it should interact anywhere between 10-150 ping players interact with each other when in the same map and can see each other moving around the game world is persistent, and is saved when the server shuts down Right now the server just sends the player Only their information which is inside a Json Object Here is an example of what I am talking about If you notice there are 2 separate characters in 2 separate clients, but they are running on the same server. I am trying to get them to show up on both clients, but I don't know how I should accomplish this. Should I send it as an added value in the Json object? Also what is the name of this process so I can look it up and find more info on it?

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  • Custom mesh format - yea or nay?

    - by Electro
    In the process of writing my game prototype, I have found the OBJ format to be insufficient for my needs - it does not support any sort of animation, it doesn't support triangle strips (I'm targeting my ancient hardware). MD2 wouldn't fit the bill because it doesn't have support for named model pieces. MD3 would probably work, but like OBJ, it doesn't have support for triangle strips. Considering the limitations of the formats above, I've come to the conclusion that it may be necessary to write my own format to accommodate my requirements, but that feels like reinventing the wheel. So, I need a format which can specify indexed tri-strips, supports textures, UV-mapping, collision data, can have multiple named segments and supports animations (have I forgotten anything?). Is there any format like that which already exists, or do I have to write my own?

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  • How do I tackle top down RPG movement?

    - by WarmWaffles
    I have a game that I am writing in Java. It is a top down RPG and I am trying to handle movement in the world. The world is largely procedural and I am having a difficult time tackling how to handle character movement around the world and render the changes to the screen. I have the world loaded in blocks which contains all the tiles. How do I tackle the character movement? I am stumped and can't figure out where I should go with it. EDIT: Well I was abstract with the issue at hand. Right now I can only think of rigidly sticking everything into a 2D array and saving the block ID and the player offset in the Block or I could just "float" everything and move about between tiles so to speak.

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  • How can Highscores be more meaningful and engaging?

    - by Anselm Eickhoff
    I'm developing a casual Android game in which the player's success can very easily be represented by a number (I'm not more specific because I'm interested in the topic in general). Although I myself am not a highscore person at all, I was thinking of implementing a highscore for that game, but I see at least 2 problems in the classical leaderboard approach: very soon the highscore will be dominated by hardcore players, leaving no chance for beginners, who are then frustrated. This is very severe especially in casual games. there is no direct reward for being a loyal player who plays the game over and over again My current idea is to "reset" the highscore every 24 hours (for example) and each day nominate the "player of the day" who then gets a "star". Then there would be some kind of meta-highscore of players with the most stars. That way even beginners might have a chance to be "player of the day" once and continued or repeated play is rewarded much more. The idea is still very rough and there are many problems in the details and the technical implementation but I have a feeling it is a step in the right direction. Do you have creative and new ideas on how to implement highscores? Which games are doing this well / what types of highscores do you find most engaging?

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  • Simplest way to render image over top of another with another image used as mask in OpenGL?

    - by Adam Naylor
    The effect I'm looking for is to have a single large background image that is always visible (at full alpha) and then show a second image (what I call a light map or specular map) that is partially shown over the top based on a third image (which is effectively a mask). The effect is similar to this effect except instead of simply darkening or lightening the background image using the third image it needs to mask the second without effecting the first at all. The third image is the only one that moves therefore hard baking the third images alpha into the second image isn't an option. If my explanation isn't clear I'll provide visual examples when I have more time. I'd prefer not to go down a shader route as I haven't taught myself this area yet so unless I have too I'd rather try to achieve this with simple alpha blending. Happy to use a shader approach. Cheers. Additional These third images are obviously light sources being cast onto the first image showing the specular information from the second image to simulate the light 'shining' off the objects in the first image. The solution I implement will need to allow two light sources to potentially overlap so my current thoughts are that the alpha values of the two images will need to be combined (Added?) to produce a final image which masks the second image? Don't worry about things like coloured lights. For this technique the lights are all considered white.

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  • Unknown error XNA cannot detect importer for "program.cs"

    - by Evan Kohilas
    I am not too sure what I have done to cause this, but even after undoing all my edits, this error still appears Error 1 Cannot autodetect which importer to use for "Program.cs". There are no importers which handle this file type. Specify the importer that handles this file type in your project. (filepath)\Advanced Pong\AdvancedPongContent\Program.cs Advanced Pong After receiving this error, everything between #if and #endif in the program.cs fades grey using System; namespace Advanced_Pong { #if WINDOWS || XBOX static class Program { /// <summary> /// The main entry point for the application. /// </summary> static void Main(string[] args) { using (Game1 game = new Game1()) { game.Run(); } } } #endif } I have searched this and could not find a solution anywhere. Any help is appreciated.

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  • Import FBX with multiple meshes into UDK

    - by Tom
    I used this script to generate a few buildings that I was hoping to import into UDK. Each building is made of about 1000 separate objects. When I export a building as FBX and import the file into UDK it breaks it up into its individual objects again, so I was wondering how I would avoid this. Whether there was a tool to combine all of the objects into one mesh automatically before exporting or if I could prevent UDK from breaking them upon import.

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  • Using a permutation table for simplex noise without storing it

    - by J. C. Leitão
    Generating Simplex noise requires a permutation table for randomisation (e.g. see this question or this example). In some applications, we need to persist the state of the permutation table. This can be done by creating the table, e.g. using def permutation_table(seed): table_size = 2**10 # arbitrary for this question l = range(1, table_size + 1) random.seed(seed) # ensures the same shuffle for a given seed random.shuffle(l) return l + l # see shared link why l + l; is a detail and storing it. Can we avoid storing the full table by generating the required elements every time they are required? Specifically, currently I store the table and call it using table[i] (table is a list). Can I avoid storing it by having a function that computes the element i, e.g. get_table_element(seed, i). I'm aware that cryptography already solved this problem using block cyphers, however, I found it too complex to go deep and implement a block cypher. Does anyone knows a simple implementation of a block cypher to this problem?

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  • Optimal sprite size for rotations

    - by Panda Pajama
    I am making a sprite based game, and I have a bunch of images that I get in a ridiculously large resolution and I scale them to the desired sprite size (for example 64x64 pixels) before converting them to a game resource, so when draw my sprite inside the game, I don't have to scale it. However, if I rotate this small sprite inside the game (engine agnostically), some destination pixels will get interpolated, and the sprite will look smudged. This is of course dependent on the rotation angle as well as the interpolation algorithm, but regardless, there is not enough data to correctly sample a specific destination pixel. So there are two solutions I can think of. The first is to use the original huge image, rotate it to the desired angles, and then downscale all the reaulting variations, and put them in an atlas, which has the advantage of being quite simple to implement, but naively consumes twice as much sprite space for each rotation (each rotation must be inscribed in a circle whose diameter is the diagonal of the original sprite's rectangle, whose area is twice of that original rectangle, supposing square sprites). It also has the disadvantage of only having a predefined set of rotations available, which may be okay or not depending on the game. So the other choice would be to store a larger image, and rotate and downscale while rendering, which leads to my question. What is the optimal size for this sprite? Optimal meaning that a larger image will have no effect in the resulting image. This is definitely dependent on the image size, the amount of desired rotations without data loss down to 1/256, which is the minimum representable color difference. I am looking for a theoretical general answer to this problem, because trying a bunch of sizes may be okay, but is far from optimal.

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  • Change collision action

    - by PatrickR
    I have a collision detection and its working fine, the problem is, that whenever my "bird" is hitting a "cloud", the cloud dissapers and i get some points. The same happens for the "sol" which it should, but not with the clouds. How can this be changed ? ive tryed a lot, but can seem to figger it out. Collision Code - (void)update:(ccTime)dt { bird.position = ccpAdd(bird.position, skyVelocity); NSMutableArray *projectilesToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *bird in _projectiles) { bird.anchorPoint = ccp(0, 0); CGRect absoluteBox = CGRectMake(bird.position.x, bird.position.y, [bird boundingBox].size.width, [bird boundingBox].size.height); NSMutableArray *targetsToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *cloudSprite in _targets) { cloudSprite.anchorPoint = ccp(0, 0); CGRect absoluteBox = CGRectMake(cloudSprite.position.x, cloudSprite.position.y, [cloudSprite boundingBox].size.width, [cloudSprite boundingBox].size.height); if (CGRectIntersectsRect([bird boundingBox], [cloudSprite boundingBox])) { [targetsToDelete addObject:cloudSprite]; } } for (CCSprite *solSprite in _targets) { solSprite.anchorPoint = ccp(0, 0); CGRect absoluteBox = CGRectMake(solSprite.position.x, solSprite.position.y, [solSprite boundingBox].size.width, [solSprite boundingBox].size.height); if (CGRectIntersectsRect([bird boundingBox], [solSprite boundingBox])) { [targetsToDelete addObject:solSprite]; score += 50/2; [scoreLabel setString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", score]]; } } // NÅR SKYEN BLIVER RAMT AF FUGLEN for (CCSprite *cloudSprite in targetsToDelete) { //[_targets removeObject:cloudSprite]; //[self removeChild:cloudSprite cleanup:YES]; } // NÅR SOLEN BLIVER RAMT AF FUGLEN for (CCSprite *solSprite in targetsToDelete) { [_targets removeObject:solSprite]; [self removeChild:solSprite cleanup:YES]; } if (targetsToDelete.count > 0) { [projectilesToDelete addObject:bird]; } [targetsToDelete release]; } // NÅR FUGLEN BLIVER RAMT AF ALT ANDET for (CCSprite *bird in projectilesToDelete) { //[_projectiles removeObject:bird]; //[self removeChild:bird cleanup:YES]; } [projectilesToDelete release]; }

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  • Realtime rendering using a ray tracing engine

    - by Keyhan Asghari
    I want to render an object that has a mesh with one million hexagonal elements(100 * 100 * 100). Lights, shadows and textures is not important and each element has a solid color. and finally, the actions I want to have, is simply rotating the object, zooming and panning. I am wondering what ray tracing engine is better for my conditions. or, do I have to take another approach? any help will be appreciated.

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  • Publishing a game -- any way to target both WP7 and Win8 Store?

    - by Rei Miyasaka
    I'm at a dilemma which seems should soon become an important issue for a lot of developers. If I build a game in XNA, I won't be able to publish it on the Windows 8 Store, as it would be a classic application -- and classic applications can't be sold on the store. If I build a game in Metro DirectX, I would be able to sell it on the Store, but porting it to Windows Phone would involve porting it to Reach XNA, which in fact would likely involve more effort even than porting to OS X or Android -- both of which support C++. Of all the WinRT API that is supported on C++/JS/.NET, DirectX can only be programmed from C++. It's also unlikely that Microsoft will update Windows 7 or Vista to support the new DirectX features, although that would make the Metro DirectX the first new version of DirectX to stop supporting the immediate predecessor OS. If I build a game in Pre-Win8 DirectX 9/10/11, I won't be able to sell it on the Windows Store or Windows Phone, but I could sell it on something like Steam. It would also involve the most amount of manual plumbing. In fact, DirectWrite, despite being part of DirectX 11, doesn't talk to Direct3D. I'm getting really tired of all these restrictions -- artificial and otherwise -- and I'm coming to a point where I'm considering switching to a platform with a less fragmented API, like Android or Mac/iOS. As far as bringing a game into market goes, excluding the actual market share of any platforms that I might consider, what other factors would help me in making a decision? Just a few years ago this question was a lot easier to answer: if you were primarily concerned with Windows platforms, all you had to answer was whether you wanted DirectX, XNA, or something like SlimDX. If you made the wrong decision, no biggie -- all you really would have lost is XBox and the fairly small Windows Phone market.

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  • Which opcodes are faster at the CPU level?

    - by Geotarget
    In every programming language there are sets of opcodes that are recommended over others. I've tried to list them here, in order of speed. Bitwise Integer Addition / Subtraction Integer Multiplication / Division Comparison Control flow Float Addition / Subtraction Float Multiplication / Division Where you need high-performance code, C++ can be hand optimized in assembly, to use SIMD instructions or more efficient control flow, data types, etc. So I'm trying to understand if the data type (int32 / float32 / float64) or the operation used (*, +, &) affects performance at the CPU level. Is a single multiply slower on the CPU than an addition? In MCU theory you learn that speed of opcodes is determined by the number of CPU cycles it takes to execute. So does it mean that multiply takes 4 cycles and add takes 2? Exactly what are the speed characteristics of the basic math and control flow opcodes? If two opcodes take the same number of cycles to execute, then both can be used interchangeably without any performance gain / loss? Any other technical details you can share regarding x86 CPU performance is appreciated

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  • Optimized algorithm for line-sphere intersection in GLSL

    - by fernacolo
    Well, hello then! I need to find intersection between line and sphere in GLSL. Right now my solution is based on Paul Bourke's page and was ported to GLSL this way: // The line passes through p1 and p2: vec3 p1 = (...); vec3 p2 = (...); // Sphere center is p3, radius is r: vec3 p3 = (...); float r = ...; float x1 = p1.x; float y1 = p1.y; float z1 = p1.z; float x2 = p2.x; float y2 = p2.y; float z2 = p2.z; float x3 = p3.x; float y3 = p3.y; float z3 = p3.z; float dx = x2 - x1; float dy = y2 - y1; float dz = z2 - z1; float a = dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz; float b = 2.0 * (dx * (x1 - x3) + dy * (y1 - y3) + dz * (z1 - z3)); float c = x3*x3 + y3*y3 + z3*z3 + x1*x1 + y1*y1 + z1*z1 - 2.0 * (x3*x1 + y3*y1 + z3*z1) - r*r; float test = b*b - 4.0*a*c; if (test >= 0.0) { // Hit (according to Treebeard, "a fine hit"). float u = (-b - sqrt(test)) / (2.0 * a); vec3 hitp = p1 + u * (p2 - p1); // Now use hitp. } It works perfectly! But it seems slow... I'm new at GLSL. You can answer this questions in two ways: Tell me there is no solution, showing some proof or strong evidence. Tell me about GLSL features (vector APIs, primitive operations) that makes the above algorithm faster, showing some example. Thanks a lot!

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